Health Vocab Chapter 12

Front 1

the substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy

Back 1

Nutrients

Front 2

the process by which the body takes in and uses these nutrients

Back 2

Nutrition

Front 3

the chemical processes by which your body breaks down food to release this energy

Back 3

Metabolism

Front 4

the amount of energy released when nutrients are burned is measured in these units

Back 4

Calories

Front 5

nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; they are a great source of energy; simple and complex

Back 5

Carbohydrates

Front 6

the most important sugar/simple carbohydrate; the major provider of energy for the cells of the body

Back 6

Glucose

Front 7

a starch that extra glucose is converted into and stored in the body

Back 7

Glycogen

Front 8

a type of complex carbohydrate found in plants that cannot be broken down and absorbed in the bloodstream; it passes through the body undigested

Back 8

Fiber

Front 9

a fat that contains fewer than the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms in its structure

Back 9

Unsaturated Fats

Front 10

a fat that contains as many hydrogen atoms in its structure as is possible chemically

Back 10

Saturated Fats

Front 11

a waxy, fat-like substance found in the cells of all animals; associated with heart disease

Back 11

Cholesterol

Front 12

nutrients that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Back 12

Proteins

Front 13

smaller substances that make up proteins

Back 13

Amino Acids

Front 14

the nine amino acids that the body cannot manufacture

Back 14

Essential Amino Acids

Front 15

nutrients that are made by living things, are required only in small amounts, and assist in may chemical reactions

Back 15

Vitamins

Front 16

occurs when a person does not get enough of a specific nutrient

Back 16

Deficiency

Front 17

nutrients that occur naturally in rocks and soil

Back 17

Minerals

Front 18

carries oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body

Back 18

Hemoglobin

Front 19

a condition in which the red blood cells do not contain enough hemoglobin

Back 19

Anemia

Front 20

the dissolved substances found in water that reculates cell processes

Back 20

Electrolytes

Front 21

the process of maintaining a steady state in your body

Back 21

Homeostasis

Front 22

a serious reduction in the body’s water content

Back 22

Dehydration

Front 23

a graph that groups foods according to types and indicates how many servings of each type should be eaten daily

Back 23

Food Guide Pyramid

Front 24

the proportion of nutrients in a food compared to the number of calories

Back 24

Nutrient Density

Front 25

a recommendation, developed by nutrition experts in the US government, for the amount of a specific nutrient that the average person should obtain each day

Back 25

Daily Values

Front 26

any condition in which a person’s nutrient consumption is inadequate or unbalanced

Back 26

Malnutrition

Front 27

a serious condition in which the diet does not contain adequate protein, nor does it supply enough calories to meet the body’s energy needs

Back 27

Protein Energy Malnutrition