Health Psychology

Front 1

Health Psychology

Back 1

Study of Health Behaviours

Front 2

Theory of Planned Behaviour

Ajzen 1991

Back 2

Attitude (good or bad) + Subjective Norm (others thing good/bad) + Perceived Behavioural Control = Behaviour

Front 3

Strengths of TPB

Back 3

-- accounts for social influence

-- widely used in designing interventions for behavioural change

-- applicable to many health behaviours

Front 4

Limitations of TPB

Back 4

-- significant amount of variation unexplained across behaviours

-- components differ in predictive value

-- more successful in predicting voluntary behaviour

-- less successful in younger people

-- ignorance of other predictors e.g. past behaviour

Front 5

Falko et al

Back 5

Time to retire the TPB

Front 6

Social Cognition Models Critique

Back 6

-- TTM & TPB -- unexplained variance

-- Some behaviour biological & cannot be explained by SCMs

-- Identifies cognitive targets but doesnt explain how to change behaviour

-- do we form intention before action?

-- Crossley 2001 - SCMs too simple to explain ALL HBs

Front 7

Stage Models

Back 7

SCM -- must progress through stage to get to next one

Front 8

Continuum Models

Back 8

SCM -- no stages, seen more as a scale

Front 9

Ogden 2003 -- TPB

Back 9

-- Constructs not falsifiable

-- Create and change rather than describe cognitions & behaviour

Front 10

Ajzen & Fishbein 2004 -- TPB

Back 10

-- disagree with Ogden 2003;

-- challenges consistent with SCMs

-- Valid measure of constructs

Front 11

Key health cognitions associated with performing HBs

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-- represent beliefs, attitudes & knowledge towards HBs

-- intrinsic & variable between individuals

-- modifiable -- can change behaviour & targets of intervention

-- give rise to social behaviours

Front 12

Health Belief Model

Rosenstock 1966

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Perceived susceptability & severity + costs + benefits = BEHAVIOUR (health motivation, cues to action)

Front 13

Strengths of HBM

Back 13

-- widely used

-- successful intervention based on model

-- small effect size

Front 14

Limitations of HBM

Back 14

-- other cognitive models found strong predictors of behaviour e.g. intentions which are ignored by HBM

Front 15

TransTheoretical Model

Prochaska & DiClemente 1983

Back 15

over time period (6 months)

1. Precontemplation

2. Contemplation

3. Preparation

4. Action

5. Maintainance

* Relapse

Front 16

Strengths of TTM

Back 16

-- dominant

-- allows categorisation

-- allows relapse

-- importance of maintainance

Front 17

Limitations of TTM

Back 17

-- little support for distinct stages with different cognitive processes (Rosen 2000)

-- difficult to define stages & measure

-- time period arbitrary

-- stages more of a categorisation of continuum

Front 18

West 2005 -- TTM

Back 18

work on TTM should be abandoned

Front 19

Theory of Reasoned Action

Fishbein & Ajzen 1975

Back 19

TPB extension of this SCM