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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the primary function of the thyroid? and what does it produce? |
Controls cellular metabolism It produces thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3) and calcitonin |
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If your thyroid is enlarged what may you hear? |
Abnormal sounds with your stethoscope as you thyroid can be palpated |
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What is necessary for the synthesis of T3 (triiodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine) and calcitonin? |
Iodine |
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Are thyroid disorders treatable and curable? Thyroid is full of rich blood supply this means.. |
Yes Quick uptake of hormones |
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How does the Hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid axis work? |
There are neurotransmitters from your brain that activate the hypothalamus to secrete thyroid releasing hormone to the pituitary. The pituitary gland then secretes thyroid secreting hormone to the thyroid in order for the thyroid to make T3 (triiodothyronine) T4 (thyroxine) and calcitonin. When the levels of T3, T4 and calcitonin are to high, thyroid stimulating hormone are inhibited. - *negative feedback loop* |
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what are some thyroid function tests? |
-thyroid stimulating hormone/ serum free thyroxine - only used for hyperthyroidism and people older than 35 -U/S,CT,MRI -Resin uptake test -Serum T3 and T4 (high level of T4 indicates hyperthyroidism) -thyroid antibodies -Radioactive iodine uptake -Fine needle aspiration biopsy -Thyroid scan and radioscan |
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What is Hypothyroidism (what is it, and gender, age) |
- under active thyroid -can range from subclinical to extreme myxoedema coma -more common in females 2% less common in males -occurs most commonly between 40-70 |
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What are the causes of hypothyroidism? |
most common causes are autoimmune/hashimotos disease -95% of the time there is a dysfunction in the thyroid gland and the deficit is apparent at birth (congenital) - others: radiation to back of neck head ect, some less like lithium or anti thyroid meds, iodine deficiency |
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What are the manifestations of hypothyroidism? |
- low energy levels because metabolism is slow, constipated, weight gain, hoarse voice, brittle nails, dry skin, menstrual disturbances, numbness in fingers, hair loss |
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How do you manage hypothyroidism? |
-Give hormone replacements (levothyroxine, and synthroid). -Treatment is based on hormone treatment and TSH testing. Levels should normalize after treatment. -Also monitor Cardiac dysfunction - elevated cholestral, atherosclerosis, poor ventricle function. |
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When you start treatment for Hypothyroidism what do you monitor for |
Heart Attack because if you have an increase in oxygen and metabolism there is increased workload on heart therefore a risk of heart failure and attack. |
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What is Hyperthyroidism? |
-Second most common endocrine disorder after diabetes -make excessive amounts of thyroid hormone |
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What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism? |
Graves disease (50-80%) of all cases causes excessive thyroid hormones and immunoglobulins |
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When may graves disease appear? |
after shock, stress, infection, or over injection of hyperthyroid meds |
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What are manifestations of Hyperthyroidism? |
Accelerated metabolism lots of energy -nervousness you are agitated and irritable and have tremors -diarrhea, heat intolerance, sweating, flushed face -elevated heart rate, exophthalmos (problems with your eyes - increased ocular pressure) |
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How is the diagnosis usually made for hyperthyroidism |
-bulging eyes, goiter (enlargement of thyroid gland), confused -Blood work - TSH(decreased), elevated thyroxine hormone, - |
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why can hyperthyroidism be missed in elderly people |
because it causes confusion especially in elderly people and sometime individuals think its just dementia |
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Managing Hyperthyroidism |
reduce hyperactivity of thyroid by using radioactive iodine and antithyroid meds Surgical treatment - total or partial thyroidectomy (reserved for pregnant people and large goiter or if they can't take anti thyroid meds) - complications of surgery:short term swallowing issues, risk for hypothyroidism, hypocalcemia, bleeding and infection |
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How can you get Thyroid storm? |
under treated or not treated hyper thyroid |
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What are the symptoms of thyroid storm? |
high fever, extreme tachycardia, altered neurological state, potentially fatal |
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What is Hypocalcemia? and symptoms |
decreased calcium levels -numbness, tingling of fingers and toes, capo pedal spasms( spasm of the hand) - inflate bp cuff for 3-5 mins if their hands spasm they have low calcium |
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How do you treat Hypocalcemia |
Calcium supplements, test calcium levels to what there levels are and iv oral calcium gluconate. |
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Children and hypothyroidism |
Disorders of the thyroid are relatively common and potentially serious because they are still developing and growing. - it usually results from abnormal thyroid glands (fetus or maternal iodine deficiency) -Give thyroid replacement for treatment |
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children and hyperthyroidism |
Not as common in children may occur at 11-15 can occur if mother has graves disease Treat with anti thyroid meds or radioactive iodine. |
