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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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B lymphocytes |
Come from bone marrow |
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Thymus |
Maturation of immune cells |
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Bone marrow |
Origination of all immune cells |
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T lymphocytes |
Recognize hidden organisms in cells. T helper cells regulate all immune cells |
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Macrophages |
Initiative immune response |
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Symptoms of chronic fatigue |
New fatigue, unexplained, not alleviated by rest |
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Treatment for fibromyalgia |
Education, support, stress management, nutrition, exercise, behavior therapy, analgestic agents, antioxidant, lyrica, and NSAIDs. Physical therapist can do me a massage or aquatic therapy |
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Symptoms of lupus |
Butterfly rash, fatigue, joint pain, fever. |
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AIDS |
Chronic infectious disease that is caused by human immunodeficiency virus HIV. Transmitted by bodily fluids for example blood and semen. HIV destroys helper T cells, progressive loss of immune response, increase the ability to secondary infections and cancer. |
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Passive acquired |
Antibiotics breastmilk can last week's or months. |
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Active acquired |
Last a lifetime generally |
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Acquired specific |
Memory, stronger reaction |
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Innate |
First line of defense for example skin nose and mucus barriers |
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Keloid Scar |
Tend to grow larger, invade surrounding tissue. |
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Fibrous Exudate |
Thin, sticky, high cell and fibrin cell, can cause scaring. Indicates severe inflammation. Example: pneumonia |
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Hypertrophic Scar |
Large amount of collagen, raised, grow large. |
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Purulent Exudate |
Thick - yellow-green, contains more leukocytes, cell debris, and macrophages. Example: strep throat |
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Seguineus exudate |
Red or bloody and presence of red blood cells. Expected after surgery |
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Local effects of inflammation |
Redness, warmth, swelling, pain, and loss of function. |
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Serous exudate |
Clear, thin, and watery. Consists primarily of fluid and some proteins and white blood cells. It is common with most inflammation. For example blisters |
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What is a free radical and what neutralizes it? |
Unpaired electrons bind to oxygen and binds to hydrogen for stability. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals. |
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What are the collagen types and where are they found? |
Type 1- tendons, bone, and mature scars. Type 2- in cartilage. Type 3- wound healinv, plasticity of skin and blood vessels, most prevelent in newborns. |
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What are anaerobic steroids |
They are synthetic. They are derived from the hormone testosterone. They are most commonly used to build muscles. The most common side effects are increased acne, increased sex drive, and aggressive behavior. One legal anaerobic steroid is oxandrone. It is used for weight gain and to decrease bone pain from osteoporosis. |
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Side effects of radiation. |
Fibrosis of tissues, pulmonary toxicity, radiation dermatitis, tingling and shock down arm and trunk in the nervous system when flexed, and fetal development. |
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Metabolic Alkalosis |
Abnormal loss of acid or excessive accumulation of bicarbonate. Occurs as with vomiting, diarrhea, and slow, shallow, breaths. |
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Systemic affects |
Affect the entire body. Physical therapy interventions may have systemic effects. Pathology may have systemic and local effects. |
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Metabolic acidosis |
Accumulation of acids or deficit of bases in the blood as with diarrhea. ** ketoacidosis - when not enough insulin to break down glucose - cause renal failure - breath may have fruity acetone odor. Ex. Diabetes |
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Respiratory alkalosis |
Loss of acid when lungs excrete large amount of carbon dioxide for example hyperventilation. |
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Respiratory acidosis |
Due to hypoventilation of carbon dioxide, respiratory rate increases to get more carbon dioxide to be released, decreased blood pH. |
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Symptoms of electrolyte imbalance |
Paresthesia, muscle weakness, wasting, muscle tetany, and bone pain. |
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How does sodium affect electrolytes |
Blood volume, pressure, and retention of fluid |
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How does potassium affect electrolytes |
Normal muscle contraction - rotation |
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How does magnesium affect electrolytes |
Nervous system similar to calcium |
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How does calcium affect electrolytes |
Neuromuscular activity nerves and muscles |
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What is hyoernatremia |
Fluid volume deficit. High salt. Lose fluids not salt, increased thirst, weakness, altered Loc. |
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Effects of fluid volume excess |
Weight gain, edema, dyspnea, engorged neck veins, and bounding pulse. |
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What happens in fluid volume loss |
Decreased cardiac output, decreased blood pressure, increased pulse due to loss of fluid |
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In what order do organs shut down |
1 lungs, to liver, 3 kidneys, for heart |
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What is multiple organ dysfunction syndrome |
Failure of two or more organs after a severe injury or illness. Often due to sepsis and septic shock septic shock is infection throughout the whole body. You can develop fever tachycardia altered breathing an altered mental status. |
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What lab results are contraindications of exercise |
Hemoglobin: no exercise when less than 10 grams per deciliter. Fatigue win 10 - 13 grams per deciliter. Be careful when platelets are less than 50000 per uni liter |
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Side effects of chemotherapy |
Interferes with cell function and division, nausea vomiting, alopecia hair loss, immune system, cardiac disease, renal toxicity, cognition aka chemo brain, and peripheral neuropathy. |
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What are corticosteroids |
Anti inflammatory for cancer, transplants, autoimmune disorders, and respiratory diseases. Natural - produced by adrenal cortex and gonadil tissue |
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What are common side effects of NSAIDs |
GI symptoms, ulcers, sodium retention, edema, increase in blood pressure, it also doubles leading time. |
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What are common side effects of glucocorticosteroids |
Susceptibility to infection, changing mood, sending of tissue, breakdown of muscle, stunts growth, avascular necrosis aka death of bone tissue. |
