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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model: What do PRECEDE and PROCEED stand for? |
PRECEDE: Predisposing Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Environmental/Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation PROCEED: Policy REgulatory and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development |
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Which steps fit in the PRECEDE part of the PPPlanning Model? (5 types of assessment) |
1. Social Assessment 2. Epedimiological Assessment 3. Behavioral and Environmental Assessment 4. Educational and Ecological Assessment 5. Administrative and Policy Assessment |
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Steps in the PROCEED part of the PPPlanning Model? |
6. Implementation 7. Process evaluation 8. Impact Evaluation 9. Outcome evaluation --> Implementation & Evaluation, in a nutshell |
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What is the 'roadmap' analogy for the PRECEDE-PROCEED model? |
The model can be viewed as a roadmap to behavioural change, whilst other theories provide the actual directions. |
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Describe Social Assessment (pppmodel) |
Obtain insight into quality of life and determine target group |
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Describe Epidemiological Assessment |
Determine objective health problems arising from the quality of life observed in step 1 |
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Describe behavioural/environmental assesment |
Systematic analysis of behavioural and environmental factors causing the health problems in step 2 |
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Describe Educational and Organizational assessment |
Find the predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors which determine behavioral/environmental factors |
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Describe Administrative and Policy assessment |
Development of interventions targeting the determining factors in step 5. |
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What is Intervention Mapping? |
A protocol to aid decision making in the process of intervention development |
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Name the 6 steps of intervention mapping |
1. Needs assessment 2. Matrices 3. Theory Based Methods and Practical Strategies 4. Program 5. Adoption and Implementation Plan 6. Evaluation Plans |
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Describe Needs Assessment |
Use PRECEDE model to assess needs and establish desired outcomes |
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Describe Matrices |
Create matrices of change objectives |
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Describe Theory Based Methods and Practical Strategies |
Identify theoretical methods, choose programming methods and select practical strategies and ensure they match objectives |
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Describe Program step |
Create program scope, sequence, theme and material list |
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Describe Adoption and Implementation plan |
Specify performance objectives, select methods and strategies amd design interventions |
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What is a stage matched intervention |
People recieve interventun based on their stage of intervention |
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What is the Social Cognitive Stage Model (SCSM) |
Transtheoretical model plus Social Cognitive Theory |
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Stages of SCSM |
Precontemplation - Matches percieved positive outcomes Contemplation - Matches percieved negative outcomes Preparation - Matches pros and cons Action - matches self efficacy Maintenance |
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Types of segmentation to isolate target population |
- Demographic - Behavioral - Psychosocial - Geographic - Risk Factor - Cultural |
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What are the three communication input factors according to Kreuter and MCLure (re: segmentation) |
Source Factors (similarity) Message Factors (Peripheral, evidential, linguisting & sociocultural) Channel Factors |
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Theory of Planned Behavior |
Adds PBC to theory of reasoned action. Intentions are composed of three deirect measured of beliefs |
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Direct Determinants in the TPB are... (3) |
Attitude (instrumental vs experiential) Subjective Norms (Injunctive and descriptive) Percieved Behavioral Control (self efficacy/percieved control) |
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Lower order factors of Attitude |
Behavioral Beliefs * Outcome Evaluation |
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Lower order factors of Subjective Norms |
Normative beliefs * Motivation to Comply |
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Percieved behavioral Control |
Control Beliefs * power of control factors |
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TACT principle |
T - target A - action C - context T - timeframe Behaviours and determinants all have to be measured with the same specificity using TACT |
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What is priming a belief? |
Priming can make an existing belief more salient and therefore increase its influence on intentions. The goal is to strengthen belief - intention relationship |
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Step 1: Belief & Intention are significantly related |
If no significant correlation, eliminate belief |
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Step 2: Compare intenders and Non intenders |
Prime if large % agreement and high mean for non intenders Change if small and a strong argument can be made |
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How to decide which attitudes to focus on when selecting beliefs to change/prime? |
Choose the most infliential direct determinant from the TPB by looking at the highest beta |
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Describe an intention-behaviour gap |
Easier said than done |
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Name two approaches for finding out if intentions predict behaviour |
Linear (using correlations) Categorical (using profiles) |
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I-B gap is most likely to be caused by these two groups |
-Disinclined Actors -Inclined abstainers |
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Name 4 types of variables which can minimize IB gap |
- Behaviour type - Intention Type - Properties of Intentions - Personality and cognitive variables |
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What are the two behaviour type variables and how can we design an intervention targeting them? |
Single action vs goals -->stimulate participants to focus on single actions to strengthen the IB link Controllability --> Increase controlability (ability, resources etc.) |
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What are the 2 intention type variables and how can we design an intervention targeting them |
Expectations vs intentions --> does not moderate gap so ignore Implementation intentions --> In situation X, I will do Y |
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What are the 4 properties of intentions variables and how can we design an intervention targeting them |
temporal stability degree of intention formation intention certainty --> encourage the formation of strong and well thought out intentions intention base --> aim for attitude based/internally motivated intentions |
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What are the 2 personality variables and how can we design an intervention targeting them |
Need for Cognition --> (correlates with education level and can be used to target those who are more likely to be receptive to interventions about thinking Action Control --> no evidence |
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What are the three cognitive variables and how can we design interventions to target them |
Anticipated regret -->Stronger AR is more predictive so aim for that Self-schema -->relate behaviour to important values/indentities Competing & conflicting intentions --> encourage identification of these conflicting intentions and develop plans to cope with that conflict |
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Name three types of nonconscious processes which influence health behaviour |
Implicit cognition Implicit affect Implicit motivation |
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Describe implicit cognition |
Subconscious processing of cues, Attentional bias is the main thing here |
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Describe implicit affect |
Subconscious attitudes to certain things, ie. implicit racism/sexism/soda preference |
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Describe implicit motivation |
Subconscious cues can motivate an action/behaviour outside of participant awareness |
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What is a habit? |
An automatic response to a contextual cue initiated automatically through an association between context and repeated actions. |
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Why are habits often more powerful than intentions? |
Because they are easier to act upon. They are automatic rather than controlled and take up less cognitive capacity. |
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Describe upstream & downstream interventions for weak habits |
Upstream (structural) - context change -economic changes (tax etc) Downstream (individual) - target beliefs using TPB - Implementation Intentions |
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Describe upstream & downstream interventions for strong habits |
Upstream (structural)- - context change like banning behaviours Downstream + context change - target beliefs using TPB - Implementation Intentions - use natural context change like moving or starting a new job |