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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a major factor influencing the health care system is:
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the aging of the population
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the health care sector constituted what percentage of the us gross domestic product in 2005?
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16%
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which type of health care facility employs the most people in the us?
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hospitals
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the basic sourcce of the physician distribution problem in the us is:
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lack of health care coverage for all
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the number of specialists is increasing because:
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demand for specialists services is high, the development of medical technology, specialists earn more money
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the nurse reinvestment act of 2002 provides:
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grants and scholarships for nurses, funding for nurse retention programs, funding for further education for nurses
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what is the main difference between clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners
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cns's work in hospitals and fnp's work mainly in primary care settings
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In the U.S. midwifery's role in the management of pregnancies has been ________ compared to Europe.
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peripheral
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physician maldistribution occurs by:
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specialty and geography
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There is a ___________ of physicians in rural areas compared to metropolitan and urban areas.
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shortage
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the roles and responsibilities of health services administrators include:
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leadership and strategic direction, departmental management, program oversight
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primary care is :
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longitudinal, the portal to the health care system, holistic
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the principle source of funding for graduate medical education is:
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private funds
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what is a major criticism of managed care?
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quality of care may be sacrificed
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Since 1949, the percentage of active primary care generalist physicians has:
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decreased
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which medical specialty earns the highest salary?
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radiology
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t/f. the number of active physicians has steadily increased over time
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true
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t/f. the number of active nurses has steadily increased over time
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false
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t/f. less than 2% of all active physicians are DO's
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false
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t/f. more than half of DO's are generalists.
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true
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t/f. more than half of MD's are specialists
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true
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t/f. there is an imbalance between primary care and specialty care services in the us health care delivery system
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true
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t/f. there has been a decreasing number of international medical graduates in the us since 1980
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false
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t/f. fee for service reimbursement favors specialist practices.
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true
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t/f. pts requiring services from OT's need help with performing tasks in their daily living and working environments
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true
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t/f. in the preindustrial period, europe was more advanced than the us in medical science.
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true
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t/f. when hopitals first emerged in the the us, they were used primarily for the wealthy
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false
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t/f. in the preindustrial era, much of the medical care in the us was provided by nonphysicians
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true
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as the health care delivery t/f. system developed in the us, right from its inception, pcp's were assigned a gatekeeping role
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false
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when bills for compulsory t/f. health insurance were introduced in several states, they were opposed by labor unions
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true
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t/f. middle class americans have generally opposed proposals for a national health insurance program
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true
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t/f. according to polls, most americans are satisfied with the quality of health care
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true
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t/f. among both the insured and the uninsured, only a relatively small portion of american adults believe that the government would be the best source for obtaining health coverage
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true
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t/f. medicaid has uniform national standards for eligibility and benifits.
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false
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what has played a major role in revolutionizing health care delivery
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science and technology
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medical care in preindustrial america had a strong _______________ character.
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domestic
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the delivery of medical care in preindustrial america was governed mainly by:
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free market conditions
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in the preindustrial period, what was the main role of dispensaries?
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provided basic medical care to ambulatory pts
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hospitals in the us evolved from :
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almshouses
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what main purpose was served by an almshouse in preindustrial america?
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performed general welfare and custodial functions
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in the preindustrial period, what was the main reason why most people could not afford the services of a physician?
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the cost of travel was too high
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what was the main consequence of early proprietary medical schools, as opposed to state sponsored schools in the preindustrial period?
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standards were low
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what was a particularly important factor in promoting the growth of office based medical practice in the post industrial period.
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urbanization
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when a professions services are generally accepted and are legitimized, they impart ______ to the profession.
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cultural authority
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cultural authority was conveyed to the medical profession mainly through
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advances in medical science
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development of the hospital and _____________ happened almost hand in hand in a symbiotic relationship between the two.
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professionalization of medical practice
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even though hospitals incurred frequent deaths in the early 1900's their use was on the rise mainly because
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a large number of immigrants were settling in american cities
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why did physicians remain independant of corporate settings even after the medical profession became well recognized?
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physicans who took up practice in a corporate setting were castigated by the medical profession.
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define organized medicine
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concerted activities of physicians through the AMA
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the Flexnor Report of 1910, reported on:
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standards of training in medical schools
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in the us, public health and private practice of medicine developed seperately because:
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physicians were skeptical of the government taking control of medical practice
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since the early 1900's the burden of disease in developed countries has shifted from :
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infectious to chronic
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the inception of ____________ was used as a trial balloon for the idea of government sponsored universal health insurance
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workers comp
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initially, what was the main purpose of private health insurance in the us?
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compensate for loss of income during sickness and temporary disability
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the Baylor Hospital plan of 1929 laid the foundation for modern health insurance in the us. this was a _______ plan
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prepaid
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why did the first blue cross plans cover only hospital care?
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initial hospitalization was required in order to compensate a beneficiary for loss of income
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during the WWII period, health insurance became part of collective bargaining because of :
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wage freezes
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during the WWII period, the supreme court ruled that :
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health insurancce could be part of the collective bargaining process
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what was the main reason for initiating national health care in countries like germany and england?
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to ward off political instability
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the beliefs and values that form american ideology represent the sentiments of :
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the american middle class
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who was the first president to champion the cause for national health insurance
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harry truman
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over time, which interest group has proven to be the most powerful in opposing national health insurance?
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AMA
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on what grounds have middle class americans generally opposed proposals for national health insurance programs?
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higher taxes
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what is the most pressing concern that americans have expressed about health care in the us?
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high cost
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physicians and hospitals in the us began consolidating and integrating mainly in response to
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the growth of managed care
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e health has resulted in:
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patient empowerment and a dilution of their dependant role
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the elements of the epidemiology triangle of diseas occurance include:
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environment, agent, host
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what is the leading cause of preventable death in the us?
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smoking
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what is tertiary prevention?
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rehab therapies and monitoring of health to prevent complications or further illness, injury, or disability
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the wellness model is built on:
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intervention, adequate public health and social services, understanding risk factors
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according to the CDC, what contributes most to premature death in the us?
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lifestyle and behavoirs
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crude birth rate is calculated by:
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dividing number of live births in a period of time by the total population
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incidence is:
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the number of new cases occuring during a specified period divided by the population at risk
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demand side rationing is the same as:
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price rationing
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deontolgy asserts :
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it is an individuals duty to do what is right
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utilitarianisms emphasizes:
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happiness and welfare for the most people possible
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supply side rationing is also referred to as:
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nonprice rationing and planned rationing
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the limitations of market justice include:
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social problems are not adequately addressed, society is not always protected from the consequences of ill health, it leads to inequitable access to health care
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prevalence is:
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the total number of new cases at a specific point in time divided by specified population
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crude rates refer to:
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the total population
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holistic health adds to the __________ element of the WHO definition of health.
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spiritual
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John Snow is famous for:
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tracing the risk of cholera outbreaks in London the the Broad Street pump
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according to the CDC, what % of premature deaths in the us population can be attributed to inadequate access to medical care?
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10%
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t/f. under the medical model, health is defined as a complete state of physical , mental, and social well-being and not just the absence of disease or infirmary
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false
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the 2 broad goals of healthy people 2010 are to eliminate health disparities and improve the quality of health care services
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false
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for most privately insured americans, health insurance is
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employer based
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approx how many millions of people are employed by the us health care system
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10 million
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under free market conditions, the relationship between the quantity of medical services demanded and the price of medical services is:
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inverse
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what kind of health care system does great britain have?
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national health system
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what are characteristics of a national health insurance system?
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the government finances health care through general taxes and health care is delivered by private providers
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what are characteristics of a socialized health care system?
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health care is financed through government mandated contributions by employers and employees
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what is an overarching goal of health people 2010?
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increase quality and years of healthy life
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what is an example of an IADL?
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walking up and down stairs
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the ownership of canada's health care system is best described as:
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combination of public and private
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supplier induced demand is created by:
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providers
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according to the CDC, what contributes most to premature death in the us?
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lifestyle and behavoirs
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crude birth rate is calculated by:
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dividing number of live births in a period of time by the total population
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incidence is:
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the number of new cases occuring during a specified period divided by the population at risk
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demand side rationing is the same as:
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price rationing
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deontolgy asserts :
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it is an individuals duty to do what is right
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t/f. capitation is a payment mechanism in which all health care serveces are included under one set fee per covered individual
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true
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t/f. in a free market, multiple pts and providers act interdependantly
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false
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moral hazard has to do with insured pts demand for health care services
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true
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in a single payer system, the primary payer is usually an insurance company
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false
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in national health insurance, governments are immune from lawsuits
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true
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