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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Occurs at the end of inspiration, don't clear with cough. High-pitched, short, crackling. Collapsed or fluid-filled alveoli open. |
Fine Rale or Crackle |
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Occurs at the end of inspiration, don't clear with cough. Loud, moist, low-pitched, bubbling. |
Coarse Rale or crackle |
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Expiration, inspiration when severe. High-pitched, continuous. From blocked airflow as in asthma, infection, foreign body obstruction. |
Wheezes (sibilant) |
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Heart Rates: Infant |
80-150 70-110 60-110 60-110 |
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RR: Infant Toddler School-age Adolescent |
24-38 22-30 14-22 12-22 |
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Systolic BP: Infant Toddler School-age Adolescent |
65-100 90-105 90-120 110-125 |
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Diastolic BP: Infant Toddler School-age Adolescent |
45-65 55-70 60-75 65-85 |
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HEADSS and the age group its used for |
Home environment Education Alcohol Drugs Sexual Activity Suicide Adolescent History |
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QUESTT and the age group its used for |
Pain assessment in children Questioning the child Use a pain rating scale Evaluate behavioural Secure parent's involvement Take the cause of pain into account Take action and evaluate results |
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Tiny,smooth, white cysts of hair follicles (epstein’spearls) normal, sometimes present at birth, on nose and forehead |
Milia |
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Coveringof fine hair in new bornson upper chest, shoulders, backs |
Lanugo |
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storkbites, macules and patches caused by intradermal capillaries. Normal in manybabies |
Salmon patches |
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dark-blueishpigmentation, not common in caucasians |
Mongolian spots |
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Vernixcaseosa(cheaselikesubstance at birth) Morbilliform(measles like rash) |
Acrocyanosis |
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Anterior frontanels fuse at age |
12-18 months |
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Posterior frontanels fuse at age |
2-5 months |
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Teeth should begin to erupt before the age of |
1 yr |
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Low set ears in children is related to what genetic illness? |
Downsyndrome |
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Inward gaze |
esotropia |
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outward gaze |
exotropia |
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Eyes don't align properly |
strabismus |
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Non-convergence strabismus is normal in children under the age of? |
2 months |
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What age should you start getting vision screened? |
5 years old. Before school. |
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To perform an ear exam in children you pull the pinna _____ and ______ For an adult you pull it ______ and ______ |
down and back |
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Infants primarily breath through their ______ |
nose |
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_________________: When you inhale your heart rate increases. When you exhale your heart rate decreases. |
Sinus arrhythmia |
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Un-descended testicle is referred to as ______ |
Cryptorchidism |
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When the urethral opening of a child is on the bottom part of the penile shaft |
Hypospadias |
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Bulging anterior fontanel, eyes deviated downward,"setting" sun sign, are all collectively related to ______________. |
Hydrocephalus |
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Genu varum means Genu valgus means |
round, bow-legged grinding, knock-kneed |
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Foreskin retracted and becomes tight. |
Paraphimosis |
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Foreskin is tight and can't be retracted. |
Phimosis
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Erect penis that doesn't return over 4 hours. |
Priapism |
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For healthy children, at what age can a nurse stop asking questions about the birth history? |
6 years |
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A newborn girl has a bulge on the abdomen around the umbilicus. The parents are concerned about this. What can the nurse tell the parents? |
This is an umbilical hernia. More than 95% of these cases resolve themselves by the time the child is 6 years of age. |
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•flatyellow growths on the eyelids •Inpeople with high cholesterol or fat levels |
Xanthelasma |
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•Yellowpatch or bump on conjuctiva near cornea •Onside of eye closest to nose, deposit of protein, fat, and calcium |
Pingueculae |
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•Inpeople outdoors a lot •Surferseye, cgrowth of pink fleshy tissue on the whiteof the eye |
Pterygium |
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•Anarrow opaque band around the cornea |
Arcus senilis |
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Farsighted due to loss of elasticity of lens |
Presbyopia |
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A nurse measures the waist and hips of an elderly client to compare the waist–hip ratio. The client asks, “Why is this done? It’s never been done before?” How should the nurse respond? |
Correlates with CV |
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When a nurse is performing the Romberg test on an elderly female client, the client starts falling forward before the nurse stops her. The nurse knows this is indicative of what? |
Parkinsons |
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A nurse is assessing a 79-year-old male about his medications. What does the nurse need to remember to ask about the client’s prescription medications? |
Whether the client takes the medication as prescribed. |
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A 22-year-old woman comes into the clinic. She has a 5 cm well-defined round firm lump located in the upper outer quadrant of her right breast. The lump is freely moveable within the breast and the client denies any pain. What is this most likely to be? |
Fibroadenoma |
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What age group in men has the highest percentage of male breast cancer? |
>60 |
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What is the name of the hair infestation that is signaled by tiny, white, oval eggs that adhere to the hair shaft? |
Pediculosis capitis |
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What is the name of the white, cheese-like mixture of sebum and epidural cells on the newborn’s skin? |
Vernix caseosa |
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Ecchymosis (bruising) in periumbilical area is a sign of abdominal bleeding and is called ___________ |
cullen's sign |
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Ecchymosis (bruising) in flank area is associated with pancreatitis, or bleeding in peritoneum, and is called ___________ |
Grey Turner's sign |
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internally provoked inflammation of the skin causing reddened papules and vessicles that ooze, weep, and progress to form crusts. usually located on the scalp, face, elbows, and knees, forearms, and wrists. |
eczema (atopic dermatitis) |
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Thickening in dry, silvery, scaly patches. Occurs with overproduction of skin cells, that result in a buildup of cells faster than they can be shed. May be aggravated by stress. |
Psoriasis |
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Caused by vascular dilation, elevated estrogen, pregnancy, vitamin B deficiency, or liver disease. Most common on upper half of the body. Flat, bright red dot, with tiny radiating blood vessels ranging in size from a pinpoint to 2 cm. It blanches with pressure. |
Spider Angioma |
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Raised, irregularly shaped lesion similar to ecchymosis except that it elevates the skin and looks like a swelling. Caused by leakage of blood into the skin and subcutaneous tissue as a result of trauma or surgical incision. |
Hematoma |
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__________ sign: |
Goodell sign |
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_________ sign: bluish discolouration of the cervix, vagina, and labia resulting from increased blood flow |
Chadwick sign |
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________ sign: softening of the uterus and the region that connects the body of the uterus and cervix that occurs throughout pregnancy |
Hegar sign |
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A sharp upward pushing against the uterine wall with the finger inserted into the vagina for diagnosing pregnancy by feeling the return impact of the displaced fetus |
Ballottment |
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Sporadic uterine contractions |
Braxton-Hicks contractions |
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First trimester: Second trimester: Third trimester: |
0-12 13-27 28-40+ |
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Pregnant woman = Pregnancy = # of pregnancies that have reached 20 weeks = Pregnant for first time = More than one pregnancy = |
Gravida Gravity Parity Primigravida Multigravida |
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GTPAL |
gravity term babies shes had number of pre term babies number of abortions living |
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Closureof AV valves = Beginning Systole (between atrium and ventricles)(tricuspid/right and bicuspid/left) |
S1 |
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Closureof SemiLunarValves (pulmonic, and aortic) = End of Systole |
S2 |
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Ventricular Gallop |
S3 |
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Atrial Gallop |
S4 |
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Two sounds - Mitral &Tricuspid valves = asynchronicity |
Split S1 |
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Twosounds - Aortic & Pulmonic valves = asynchronicity increased Inspiration |
Split S2 |
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Two sounds - Aortic &Pulmonic valves = asynchronicity high Expiration |
Paradoxical S2 |
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Mitral valve prolapse is heard as a |
Midsystolic click |
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If a client has arterial insufficiency in the legs, what kind of pain would (s)he experience? |
A gnawing, sharp, stabbing pain that increases with exercise. |
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__________ sign: take a deep breath, and release. As they release a positive sign is that you can feel their liver |
Murphy's sign |