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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
life expectancy |
the average number of years that an individual of a particular age can expect to live |
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lifestyle |
a way of living including behaviors that promote or impair good health and longevity |
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risk factor |
a characteristic that increases an individual's chances of developing a health problem |
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good health |
the ability to function adequately and independently in a constantly changing environment |
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optimal wellness |
a sense that one is functioning at his or her best level |
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holistic |
characteristic involving all aspects of the person |
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signs |
observable measurable features of an illness |
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symptoms |
subjective complaints of illness |
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acute |
a condition or illness that tends to develop quickly and resolve within a few days or weeks |
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chronic |
a condition or disease that often takes months or years to develop, progresses in severity and can affect a person over a long period |
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genes |
segments of DNA that code for specific proteins |
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genomics |
the scientific study of an organism's entire set of genes |
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motivation |
the force or drive that leads people to take action |
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efficacy |
regarding health education, the belief that one is capable of changing his or her behavior |
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conventional medicine |
the form of medicine that relies on modern sci principles, modern tech, and sci proven methods to prevent, diagnose and treat health conditions |
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placebo |
a sham treatment that has no known physical effects; an inactive substance |
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integrative medicine |
system of med care that emphasizes personalized health care and disease prevention |
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dietary supplement |
a product that is consumed to add nutrients, herbs, or other plant materials to a person's diet |
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psychology |
the study of mental processes that influence human behavior |
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physiology |
the study of bodily functions |
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central nervous system CNS |
of two primary divisions of the nervous system, the one that consists of brain and spinal cord |
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peripheral nervous system PNS |
of the two primary divisions of the nervous system, the one that consists of nerves, which relay info to and from the CNS |
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neurotransmitters |
chemicals produced and released by nerves that convey info between most nerve cells |
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personality |
a set of distinct thoughts and behaviors that characterizes a person's response to situations |
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heredity |
the transmission of bio info coded with genes, from parents to offspring |
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temperament |
the predictable way an individual responds to situations and others, such as being pleasant, outgoing or shy |
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defense mechanism |
ways of thinking and behaving that reduce or eliminate anxious and guilt feelings |
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psychological adjustment |
changing one's thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors to cope effectively with the demands of the environment |
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psychological growth |
the process of learning from one's experiences |
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autonomy |
sense of independence and self-control |
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self-esteem |
the extent to which a person feels worthy and useful |
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affect |
observable expressions of mood |
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delusions |
inaccurate and unreasonable beliefs that often result in decision-making errors |
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hallucinations |
false sensory perceptions that have no apparent external cause |
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generalized anxiety disorder |
a condition characterized by uncontrollable chronic worrying and nervousness |
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phobia |
an intense and irrational fear of an object or a situation |
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panic disorder |
psychological condition that features panic attacks, unpredictable episodes of extreme anxiety, and loss of emotional control |
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obsession |
a repetitive thought that produces anxious feelings |
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compulsion |
the behavior that follows obsessive thoughts and reduces anxiety |
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major depressive disorder |
a mood disorder characterized by persistent and profound sadness, hopelessness, helplessness, and feeling of worthlessness; lack of energy; loss of interest in usual activities; loss of ability to concentrate; suicidal thoughts; and appetite and sleep disturbances |
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eating disorders |
persistent, abnormal eating patterns that can threaten a person's health and well-being |
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anorexia nervosa |
a severe psychological disturbance in which an individual refuses to eat enough food to maintain a healthy weight |
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bulimia nervosa |
an eating disorder characterized by craving for food that is difficult to satisfy |
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binge eating disorder |
a pattern of eating excessive amounts of food in response to distress such as anxiety or depression |
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schizophrenia |
a form of psychosis |
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stress |
a complex series of psychological and physical reactions that occur as one responds to a situation |
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stressors |
events that produce physical or psychological demands on an individual |
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distress |
events or conditions that produce unwanted or negative outcomes |
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eustress |
events or conditions that create positive effects, such as making one feel happy, challenged or successful |
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hormones |
chemical messengers that convey info from a gland to other cells in the body |
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endocrine system |
a group of glands that produce hormones |
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fight-or-flight response |
the physical responses to stressful situations that enable the body to confront or leave dangerous situations |
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general adaptation syndrome GAS |
the three stage manner in which the human body responds to stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion |
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psychoneuroimmunology |
the study of the relationships between the nervous and immune systems |
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immune system |
the specific defenses of the body that include combating infectious agents |
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intestinal ulcer |
a sore in the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum |
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coping strategies |
behavioral responses and thought processes that people use to deal with stressors |
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temporomandibular joint |
the place where the lower jaw bone attaches to the temporal bone of the skull |
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meditation |
an activity which one relaxes by mentally focusing on a single word, object or thought |
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Four main goals of Healthy People 2020 |
1. attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury and premature death 2. achieve health equity, eliminate disparities and improve health of all groups 3. create social and physical environments that promote good health for all 4. promote quality of life, healthy development and healthy behaviors |
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health |
a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity |
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How did Healthy People 2020 come about? |
2000 public health experts had collected and analyzed info about the population's progress toward achieveing the heath objectives and the data were used for the publication of revised set of goals and objectives... this process repeated every 10 years... Healthy People 2020 |
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health and wellness is |
holistic- physical, psychological and soical dimensions, but also intellectual, spiritual, and environmental dimensions |
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Five steps of behavioral change process |
1. maintenance 2. action 3. preparation 4. contemplation 5. precontemplation |
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Decision making model |
1. recieve info (cues) 2. formulate attitudes and beliefs 3. recognize the need to change behavior - change has value 4. evaluate choices - consider pros and cons 5. make decision 6. analyze outcomes - consider benefits and harms
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Reliable sources for health |
scientific or medical journal - have been peer reviewed NOT magazines, books and journals that look like bona fide sources of health info but might not be - promoters, articles or ads that do not present the risks along with benefactors |
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psychologically healthy people |
accept themselves and others responding to changing situations with spontaneity desire privacy function independently enjoy interpersonal relationships display creative abilities show appropriate emotion are aware of reality are concerned with the needs of others have goals in life |
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Freuds psychoanalytic theory of personality |
the unconscious mind is a reservoir of feelings thoughts or urges and memories that are outside of our conscious awareness - psychosexual stages |
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Eriksons theory of personality |
personality develops in a series of stages. unlike freud - describes the impact of social experience across the whole life span - ego identity is the conscious sense of self that one develops through social interaction - constantly changing - competence motivates behaviors and actions - BECOMING COMPETENT IN AN AREA OF LIFE - sense of mastery vs sense of inadequacy |
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Defense mechanisms |
1. avoidance - taking action to prevent situations that produce powerful feelings (woman not wanting to date) 2. denial - refusing to acknowledge unpleasant situations (does not accept the fact he has been diagnosed terminally ill) 3. repression - blocking unpleasant thoughts or feelings (supresses the memory of being sexually abused)
also: rationalization - making excuses; projection - attributing unacceptable thought or feelings or urges to someone else (women blames man of being unfaithful while repressing her desire to have an affair); displacement - redirecting a feeling or response towards a target that is less of a threat (abused wife mistreats child); regression - reducing anxiety by acting immature to feel more secure (6 year old sucks his thumb after baby brother is born) |
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs |
1. Physiological Needs - air, water, food... 2. Safety needs - secure environment 3. Love needs - give and recieve 4. esteem needs - high self-image 5. self-actualization- achievement and mastery |
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biological influences of personality |
heredity, temperament |
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social and cultural influences |
cultural and ethnic background - interactions with parents, family members |
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psychological stressors |
managing extreme emotions, handling difficult social situations, and dealing with troublesome thoughts and relationships - distress and eustress response: burn-out, loss of enthusiasm, increased feeling of dissatisfaction, irritation, frustration, pessimism |
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physical stressors |
engaging in excersize; experiencing illness, pain or injury, being exposed to dangerous pollutants or extereme temperature changes response: hormones, endocrine system, fight or flight, GAS
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impact of stress on health |
people who experience numerous life events within a short time range are likely to develop illness - DOES NOT MEAN CAUSE |
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personality and stress |
people who see negative may view a situation as impossible to overcome or be more vulnerable to stress - vulnerable people are more likely to become anxious, angry and depressed and make poor decisions opposing: personalities that act as buffers, view stressful situations as challenges rather than threats - positive emotions |
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stress and chronic health problems |
irrritable bowel syndrome (IBS), intestinal ulcers, headaches, overweight and obesity, heart disease and cancer |
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coping with stress |
Problem focused strategies: managing your time Emotion focused strategies: overeat, alchocol abuse Social support strategies: seeking advice, assitance, consolation... |
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Relaxation techniques |
deep breathing, progressive muscular relaxation, meditation and the relaxation response, imagery, self-talk, physical exercise |
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normal emotional response vs abnormal |
intensity and duration |