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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what's the posterior triangle bounded by?
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SCM, trapezius, clavicle
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what forms the roof and floor of the posterior triangle?
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roof: platysma, deep cervical fascia
floor: splenius capitis, levator scapulae, anterior, middle, and superior scalene muscles |
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what are the vascular contents of the posterior triangle?
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external jugular v, transverse cervical vessels, suprascapular vessels, subclavian v (sometimes), subclavian a,
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what are the n contents of posterior triangle?
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roots/trunks of brachial plexus, accessory n, cutaneous br of cervical plexus, n to subclavius, dorsal scapular n, suprascapular n, long thoracic n
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what are the muscular contents of posterior triangle?
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posterior/inferior belly of omohyoid
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how is the posterior triangle divided?
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omohyoid posterior belly divides it into occipital triangle and subclavian (supraclavicular or omoclavicular) triangle
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what's the anterior triangle bounded by?
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SCM, anterior midline of neck, mandible
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what forms roof of anterior triangle?
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platysma and investing layer of deep cervical fascia
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hos is the anterior triangle divided?
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divided by omohyoid anterior belly and digastric anterior and posterior bellies into : digastric (submandibular) triangle, submental (suprahyoid) triangle, carotid triangle, muscular (inferior carotid) triangle
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which neck muscles DON'T attach to hyoid bone?
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sternothyroid, styloglossus
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what's the styloid process?
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slender projection of variable length and extends down and forward from TEMPORAL BONE
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what is accessory n formed by?
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union of cranial and spinal roots
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where do cranial roots and spinal roots of accessory n come from?
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cranial: medulla oblongata below vagus roots
spinal roots: lateral part of cervical segment of spinal cord b/w C1 and C3 or (C1 and C7) |
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which part of accessory n passes thru foramen magnum?
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spinal
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what innerv SCM?
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spinal accessory n; C2-C8 (sensory)
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what are the cervical muscles of the neck?
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platysma and SCM
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what are the suprahyoid muscles of the neck?
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digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, geniohyoid
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what are the infrahyoid muscles of the neck?
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sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid
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what innerv digastric?
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posterior belly by facial n
anterior belly by mylohyoid n of trigeminal n |
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what innerv mylohyoid?
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mylohyoid n of trigeminal n
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what muscles of neck are innerv by facial n?
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platysma
stylohyoid post belly of digastric |
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what muscles of neck are innerv by C1 via hypoglossal n?
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geniohyoid, thyrohyoid
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what muscles of neck are innerv by ansa cervicalis?
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omohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid
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both the spinal and cranial parts of accessory n go thru what hole?
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jugular foramen
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what does cranial part of accessory n innev?
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soft palate, pharyngeal constrictors, larynx
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what's the action of platysma?
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depresses lower jaw and lip and angle of mouth; wrinkles neck skin
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what's the action of SCM?
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singly turns face toward opposite side; together flex head, raise thorax
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what's the action of digastric?
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elevates hyoid and floor of mouth; depresses mandible
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what's the action of mylohyoid?
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elevates hyoid and floor of mouth; depresses mandible
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what's the action of stylohyoid?
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elevates hyoid
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what's the action of geniohyoid?
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elevates hyoid and floor of mouth
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what's the action of sternohyoid?
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depresses hyoid and larynx
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what's the action of sternothyroid?
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depresses hyoid and larynx
typo? it doesn't even touch hyoid |
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what's the action of thyrohyoid?
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depresses hyoid and elevates larynx
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what's the action of omohyoid?
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depresses and retracts hyoid and larynx
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what happens if you get a lesion of accessory n in neck?
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denervates trapezius --> atrophy of muscle --> downward displacement or drooping of shoulder
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what nn form cervical plexus?
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C1-C4
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what nn make up the cutaneous br of the cervical plexus?
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lesser occipital n (C2), great auricular n (C2-C3), transverse cervical n(C2-C3), supraclavicular n (C3-C4)
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what nn make up the motor br of the cervical plexus?
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ansa cervicalis, phrenic n (C3, C4, C5), twigs from plexus, accessory phrenic n (C5)
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what n is a n loop formed by union of superior root and inferior root?
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ansa cervicalis (superior : C1 or C1 + C2; descendens hypoglossi) and inferior: C2 + C3 (descendens cervicalis)
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what does the ansa cervicalis innerv?
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infrahyoid (strap) muscles: omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid except: thyrohyoid
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what n lies superficial to or w/I carotid sheath in anterior cervical triangle?
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ansa cervicalis
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what type of n fibers does phrenic have?
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motor, sensory, symp
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what does phrenic n innerv?
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motor --> diaphragm; sensory to central part of diaphragm
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what do twigs from plexus supply?
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longus capitis and cervicis or colli, SCM, trapezius, levator scapula, and scalene
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what's brachial plexus formed by? What muscles does it pass b/w?
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union of VPR of C5-T1; anterior scalene and middle scalene
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what n do brachial plexus n roots give rise to in neck?
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dorsal scapular n (C5) and long thoracic n (C5, C6, C7)
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what does the dorsal scapular n innerv?
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levator scapulae and rhomboid muscles
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what does the long thoracic n innerv?
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serratus anterior
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what n does brachial plexus upper trunk give rise to in neck?
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suprascapular n (C5, C6) and n to subclavius muscle (C5)
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how does the n to subclavius muscle comm w/ phrenic many times?
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as accessory phrenic n
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where does subclavian a originate from?
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on right: brachiocephalic trunk on left: arch of aorta
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what are the subclavian a's branches?
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vertebral a, thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic a, costocervical trunk, dorsal (descending) scapular a
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what a comes from 1st part of subclavian a and ascends b/w anterior scalene and longus colli muscle?
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vertebral a
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vertebral a ascends thru transverse foramina of …
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C1-C6, winds around superior articular process of atlas and passes thru foramen manum into cranial cavity
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what a does the thyrocervical trunk divide into?
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inferior thyroid a, transverse cervical a, suprascapular a
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what a does the inferior thyroid a give rise to? What does this a ascend w/?
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ascending cervical a .. w/ phrenic n
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what important n and a relationship is there w/ ligament? Suprascapular a
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a goes over superior transverse scapular ligament, n goes under
army over, navy under |
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what's neurovascular compression syndrome?
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symptoms of n compression of brachial plexus and subclavian vessels; caused by abnormal insertion of anterior and middle scalene muscles and by cervical rib (cartilaginous accessory rib att to vertebra C7
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what's subclavian steal syndrome?
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cerebral and brainstem ischemia caused by reversal of blood flow from basilar a thru vertebral a into subclavian a in presence of occlusive disease of subclavian a proximal to origin of vertebral a; when very little blood flow thru vertebral a, may steal blood from carotid, circle of Willis and basilar circulation and divert it thru vertebral a into subclavian a and into arm, causing vertebrobasilar insufficiency and brainstem ischemia and stroke
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where does the right common carotid a begin?
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bifurcation of brachiocephalic a
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where deos left common carotid a begin?
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aortic arch
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what do common carotid aa divide into?
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external and internal carotid aa
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where's the carotid body receptor?
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at bifurcation @ common carotid a as ovoid body
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what's carotid body's purpose?
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chemoreceptor stim by chem change (ex: lack of O2, excess CO2, inc [H+]) in circulating blood ; help control respiration
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where does n to carotid body come from?
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pharyngeal br of vagus n
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what's the carotid sinus?
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spindle-shaped dilatation at origin of internal carotid a
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what's carotid sinus' purpose?
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baroreceptor (pressoreceptor) stim by changes in blood pressure; when stim, causes slowing of heart rate, vasodilation and decrease in bp
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what innerv carotid sinus? carotid body?
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carotid sinus:
carotid sinus br of glossopharyngeal n, n to carotid body of vagus n carotid body: n to carotid body of vagus n and carotid sinus branch of glossopharyngeal n |
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what's carotid sinus syncope?
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temp loss of consciousness or fainting caused by diminshed cerebral blood flow; results from hypersensitivity of carotid sinus; attacks may be produced by pressure on sensitive carotid sinus by taking carotid pulse near superior border of thyroid cartilage
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what does internal carotid a ascend in carotid sheath w/?
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vagus n and internal jugular v
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how does internal carotid a enter cranium?
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carotid canal in petrous part of temporal bone
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what's the circle of Willis formed by?
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posterior cerebral, posterior communicating, internal carotid, anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries
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what are the branches of the external carotid a?
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superior thyroid a, lingual a, facial a, ascending pharyngeal a, occipital a, posterior auricular a, maxillary a, superficial temporal a
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what br does superior thyroid a give rise to?
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infrahyoid, SCM, superior laryngeal, cricothyroid, glandular br
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what br does lingual a give rise to?
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suprahyoid, dorsal lingual, sublingual, deep lingual
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how does facial a enter face?
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hooks around lower border of mandible @ anterior margin of masseter
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what bone does occipital a associate w/?
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groove on mastoid process
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what br does posterior auricular a give rise to?
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stylomastoid
auricular occipital |
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what v is formed by the superficial temporal v and maxillary v?
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retromandibular v
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what does superficial temporal a accomany as it ascends in front of external acoustic meatus?
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auriculotemporal n
superficial temporal v |
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what is temporal (giant cell) arteritis?
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granulomatous inflammation w/ multinucleated giant cells, affecting medium-sized arteries, esp TEMPORAL A
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what do retromandibular v's branches join to form?
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anterior: joins facial v to make common facial v
posterior: joins posterior auricular v to make external jugular v |
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what forms external jugular v?
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union of posterior auricular v and retromandibular v (posterior br)
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what v does the external jugular v receive?
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suprascapular v
transverse cervical v anterior jugular v |
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how does internal jugular v begin and end?
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begins: in jugular foramen as continuation of sigmoid sinus
ends: brachiocephalic v |
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what v does internal jugular v receive?
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facial v
lingual v superior thyroid v middle thyroid v |
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what strucs are at beginning and end of internal jugular v?
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beginning: superior bulb
end; inferior bulb |
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what are the superficial lymph nodes of the head?
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occipital
retroauricular parotid buccal (facial) submandibular submental superficial cervical |
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where do superficial lymph nodes receive lymph from? where do they drain into?
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from: face, scalp and ear
to? deep cervical nodes |
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what nodes does the middle ear drain into?
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retropharyngeal
upper deep cervical |
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what nodes does nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses drain into?
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retropharyngeal
upper deep cervical submandibular |
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what nodes does tongue drain into?
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upper and lower cervical
submental submandibular |
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what nodes does larynx drain into?
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upper and lower deep cervical
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what nodes does pharynx drain into?
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retropharyngeal
upper and lower deep cervical |
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what nodes does thyroid gland drain into?
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lower deep cervical
prelaryngeal pretracheal paratracheal |
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where are the superficial cervical lymph nodes?
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along external jugular v in posterior triangle and
along anterior jugular v in anterior triangle |
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what do superficial cervical lymph nodes drain into?
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deep cervical nodes (including jugulodigastric and jugulo-omohyoid nodes)
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what are the 2 categories of deep cervical lymph nodes?
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superior deep cervical nodes
inferior deep cervical nodes |
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where do superior deep cervical nodes lie along?
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internal jugular v in carotid triangle of neck
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what does superior deep cervical nodes receive afferent lymphatics from?
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back of head and neck
tongue palate nasal cavity larynx pharynx trachea thyroid gland esophagus |
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when efferent vessels of superior deep cervical nodes join inferior deep cervical nodes, what's formed?
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jugular trunk
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where does the jugular trunk empty out?
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left: thoracic duct
right: junc of internal jugular v and subclavian v |
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where do the inferior deep cervical nodes lie along?
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internal jugular v near subclavian v
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where do the inferior deep cervical nodes receive afferent lymphatics from?
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anterior jugular
transverse cervical apical axillary |
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where does the trachea begin?
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inferior border of cricoid cartilage (C6)
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how many rings does trachea have? describe.
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16-20 incomplete hyaline cartilaginous rings that open posteriorly to prevent trachea from collapsing
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where does esophagus begin? descends where?
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at lower border of pharynx at level of cricoid cartilage (C6) and descends b/w trachea and vertebral column
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what's the sphincter of upper esophageal opening? when is it closed?
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cricopharyngeal muscle = sphincter
stays closed except during deglutition (swallowing) and emesis (vomiting) |
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what innerv esophagus? what's the blood supply?
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innerv: recurrent laryngeal nn
sympathetic trunks blood: br of inferior thyroid aa |
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what supplies the thyroid gland blood supply?
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superior thyroid a
inferior thyroid a thyroid ima a (inconsistent br from brachiocephalic trunk) drains: superior thyroid v and middle thyroid v to internal jugular v AND inferior thyroid v to brachiocephalic v |
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what's vulnerable to injury during thyroidectomy or tracheotomy?
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thyroid ima artery
inferior thyroid v hemorrhage from injury of anterior jugular v nerve paralysis of recurrent laryngeal nn pneumothorax (from damage of cervical dome of pleura; happens mostly in kids b/c of high level of pleura) esophageal injury (immediately posterior to trachea: common in infants) |
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what's the blood supply to parathyroid glands?
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inferior thyroid a
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what can be injured in cricothyrotomy?
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anterior jugular veins
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what's thyroid cartilage?
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hyaline cartilage that forms laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple)
superior horn joined at tip of greater horn of hyoid bone by lateral thyroid ligament and inferior horn that articulates w/ cricoid cartilage |
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where does vagus n run thru and what does it give off?
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runs thru jugular foramen
vagus --> superior laryngeal n --> divides into --> external laryngeal n + internal laryngeal n |
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what does external laryngeal n run w/? internal laryngeal n?
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external laryngeal n runs w/ superior thyroid a
internal laryngeal n runs w/ superior laryngeal a |
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what does the external laryngeal n innerv?
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cricothyroid
inferior pharyngeal constrictor |
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what does internal laryngeal n innerv?
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sensory to larynx above vocal cord and taste fibers to epiglottis
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what type of fibers does symp trunk have?
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pregang and postgang symp fibers
cell bodies of postgang symp visceral afferent fibers w/ cell bodies in upper thoracic DRG |
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what ganglia does symp trunk have?
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superior cervical ganglion
middle cervical ganglion inferior cervical ganglion ansa subclavia |
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what fibers does superior cervical ganglion contain?
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cell bodies of postgang symp fibers that pass to visceral strucs of head and neck
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what nn does superior cervical ganglion give rise to?
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internal carotid n --> internal carotid plexus
external carotid n --> external carotid plexus pharyngeal br that join pharyngeal br of glossopharyngeal and vagus nn to form pharyngeal plexus superior cervical cardiac n to heart |
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what n does middle cervical ganglion give rise to?
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middle cervical cardiac n: largest of 3 cervical symp cardiac nn
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what n does inferior cervical ganglion give rise to?
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inferior cervical cardiac n
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what ganglion does inferior cervical ganglion fuse w/?
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fuses w/ 1st thoracic ganglion to become cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion
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where is thoracic duct?
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ascends thru posterior mediastinum b/w aorta and azygos v
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When the Bogeyman goes to sleep every night, he checks the closet for Chuck Norris
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There is no chin under Chuck Norris' beard. There is only another fist.
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