Health Education Midterm

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Cognitive Learning Theory

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stress importance of what goes on inside the learner ; comprised of number of subtheories

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Perception

Thought

Memory

Ways of processing and structuring information

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Key in learning and exchanging an individual's cognition

Hint 2

PT MWS (PretTy MoWS)

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Reward

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not necessary but the goals and the expectations of the learners' are

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Gestalt perspective

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each person perceives, interprets and responds to any situation in his or her own way

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Psychological organization

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directed towards simplicity, equilibrium, regularity

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directed towards SER

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Perception

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is selective

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Information processing

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external and internal processes; has four stages (Attention, Processing, Memory storage, Action)

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Attention

Processing

Memory Storage

Action

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Stages of Information Processing

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Stage 1: Attention

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orienting stimuli;

physical and emotional properties arouse interest

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Sensory memory

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type of memory that is

fleeting;

less than 1 second

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Short term memory

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type of memory

brief;

less than 30 seconds

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Long term memory

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type of memory that is

enduring; retrieval problems

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Stage 4: Action

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stage of information processing that results to a RESPONSE

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Bandura's Social Learning Theory

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people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling;

this theory is a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation.

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Observation

Imitation

Modeling

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where people learn from one another

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OIM

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Attention

Memory

Motivation

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Bandura's Social Learning theory encompasses

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AMM

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Social learning theory - Albert Bandura

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People learn through observing others’ behavior, attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviors.

“Most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action.”

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Albert Bandura

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developed social learning theory

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Social learning theory

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explains human behavior in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences

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Social learning theory

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explains human behavior in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences

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Social learning theory

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Factors increase or decrease the amount of attention paid. Includes distinctiveness, affective valence, prevalence, complexity, functional value. One’s characteristics (e.g. sensory capacities, arousal level, perceptual set, past reinforcement) affect attention.

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Distinctiveness

Affective valence

prevalence

complexity

functional value

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Factors increase or decrease the amount of attention paid

Hint 22

ACD FP (acid fap)

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sensory capacities

arousal level

perceptual set

past reinforcement

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one's characteristic affect attention

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SAPP

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Retention

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remembering what you paid attention to; includes symbolic coding, mental images, cognitive organization, symbolic rehearsal, motor rehearsal

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symbolic coding

mental images

cognitive organization

symbolic rehearsal

motor rehearsal

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Retention

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s(C)m📷 C(O) s(R)m(R)

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Reproduction

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reproducing the image. Including physical capabilities, and self-observation of reproduction

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Motivation

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having a good reason to imitate. Includes motives such as past (i.e. traditional behaviorism), promised (imagined incentives) and vicarious (seeing and recalling the reinforced model)

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Past

Promised

Vicarious

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3 types of Motivation

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Past

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type of motivation; traditional behaviorism

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Promised

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type of motivation; imagined incentives

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Vicarious

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type of motivation; seeing and recalling the reinforced model

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Psychodynamic Theory

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is a view that explains personality in terms of conscious and unconscious forces, such as unconscious desires and beliefs

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Sigmund Freud

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proposed a psychodynamic theory according to which personality consists of the id (responsible for instincts and pleasure-seeking), the superego (which attempts to obey the rules of parents and society), and the ego (which mediates between them according to the demands of reality).

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Id

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responsible for instincts and pleasure-seeking

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Superego

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which attempts to obey the rules of parents and society

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Ego

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mediates between id and superego according to the demands of reality

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Psychodynamic theories

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commonly hold that childhood experiences shape personality

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Psychoanalysis

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a type of therapy that attempts to reveal unconscious thoughts and desires

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TRUE

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Not all psychologists accept psychodynamic theories, and critics claim the theories lack supporting scientific data