Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the characteristics of Intimacy?
|
1. Knowledge
2. Caring 3. Interdependence 4. Mutuality 5. Trust 6. Commitment |
|
|
What are the need for relationships?
|
The need to belong, quanlity relationships important to health
|
|
|
What are some historical changes in relationships?
|
Fewer marriages
More cohabition More divorce More single mothers More babies born outside marriage |
|
|
What are the three attachment styles?
|
Secure (-->Secure)
Anxious-ambivalent (preoccupied) Avoidant (fearful or dismissing) |
|
|
How does someone who is Secure act?
|
They are secure in their place in the world
|
|
|
How does someone who is preoccupied act?
|
Want a relationship, don't think they deserve one
|
|
|
How does someone who is fearful act?
|
Scared of intimacy, abandonment
|
|
|
How does someone who is dismissing act?
|
They are fine on their own, don't need anyone
|
|
|
What is the worst match?
|
Preoccupied and dismissive
|
|
|
What is the dating theory of Natural Selection?
|
people have certain traits in dating
|
|
|
What is personal/parental investment?
|
Males wish to spread seed
Females need investment, someone to raise child |
|
|
What is paternity certainty?
|
Males want to know child is theirs
|
|
|
What are concerns about cohabition?
|
Higher risk of breakup
More divorces, longer the period Cohabiters less traditional Cohabiters more flaky |
|
|
What are some causes of cohabition/relationship changes?
|
Technology in birth control
Gender ratio-more females |
|
|
What occurs depending on the gender ratio?
|
More Females- men have options, less likely to settle down
Less Females- men hold onto women more, more conservative |
|
|
How has technology affected relationships?
|
Less face to face conversation
"Ambient awareness"- more awareness of people without knowing htem No non-verbals, more interpretation More public relationships |
|
|
What is Ambient Awareness?
|
Through technology, knowing of people without knowing them
|
|
|
What are sex differences?
|
Taught, learned through interaction ex. hair flipping
|
|
|
What are gender differences?
|
Biological differences
|
|
|
What are the Five Big Traits of Personality?
|
1. Extraversion
2. Agreeableness 3. Conscientiousness- work 4. Neuroticism- pessimism 5. Openness to Experience |
|
|
What is Self-Esteem?
|
Global evaluation of yourself, based off of others
|
|
|
What is Socio-biological Theory?
|
Dating based off biology-
-Men want figure, fetility, spread the seed -Females want broad shoulders, protection, strength |
|
|
What is Filter Theory?
|
1. Proximity
2. Social Background 3. Attraction 4. Family Influence 5. Habits 6. Selected Partner |
|
|
What is the Marriage Gradient?
|
Women marry older, high status men
Men marry younger, prettier women |
|
|
What is the Marriage Squeeze?
|
Poor, young men and Educated, old women don't get married often
|
|
|
What are Direct Rewards?
|
Immediate rewards- their physical features
|
|
|
What are Indirect Rewards?
|
Attracted to someone because of situation (time/place/environment)
|
|
|
What is Beauty's Halo Effect?
|
When someone is pretty, assume they have all other good qualities
|
|
|
What is beauty according to human perception?
|
Symmetry,
Men like innocent baby face, short, young women Women like strong, chistled, taller men |
|
|
What are some influence on the perception of beauty?
|
Historical Period
Ethnicity- differences b/wn race Gender- men value physical attractiveness more then women Personality- self-moniters- some people care more about things |
|
|
What is the Contrast Effect?
|
when you compare yourself to others- feel better when compare to average
|
|
|
What are negatives of being attractive?
|
People are less trusting, used to flattery
|
|
|
What is the idea of matching?
|
People normally date people on their attractiveness level
|
|
|
What is the equation for Desirability?
|
Desirability = Attractiveness x Probability of acceptance
|
|
|
What is the Principle of Homogeneity?
|
We like people similar to ourselves
|
|
|
What is mate worth?
|
Social worth trade-
ex. money, beauty |
|
|
What are Idealized others?
|
Opposite who find traits they desire in a person
|
|
|
What are complementary others?
|
Opposites who have characteristics that complement each other
|
|
|
What is the Romeo and Juliet effect?
|
You want someone more because you can't have them
|
|
|
What is Reactance?
|
Situation leads someone to want another person more
|
|
|
What are three sets that are valued in another person?
|
1. Warmth and Loyalty- good personality, person
2. Attractiveness and Vitality- physical, youth, fertility 3. Status and Resources- money, job, house, resources |
|
|
How long does it take to form a first impression?
|
39-100 milliseconds, 5 seconds to make full impression
|
|
|
Why are first impressions important?
|
Stereotype and categorize
Primacy Effect Foundation for future expectations |
|
|
What is conformation bias?
|
Notice things that we already think, ignore contradictions
|
|
|
What is primacy effect?
|
when friend gives info about you, sets a path
|
|
|
How does time affect how well you think you know something?
|
Overconfident in how well we know others over time, but accuracy doesn't increase
|
|
|
What are positive illusions?
|
When you make your expectations to fit reality
|
|
|
What are self fufilling prophecies?
|
if you look for a certain person and treat them that way, it will happen
|
|
|
What are attributions?
|
why we think people do the things they do
|
|
|
What are actor/observer effects?
|
when actor does an action, observer more judgemental when do the same
|
|
|
What is P and Q space?
|
P space- day to day part of relationship
Q space- overall quality of how you think about relationship |
|
|
Dysfunctional "Destiny" beliefs, what are they?
|
1. Disagreements are destructive
2. Mindreading is essential 3. Partners never change 4. Sex should be perfect everytime 5. Men and women are different 6. Great relationships just happen |
|
|
What are the "Growth" beliefs?
|
1. Happy relationships are a result of hard work
2. Good relationships develop gradually 3. Any relationship can succeed if you work at it |
|
|
What is self enhancement?
|
We like people who tell us positive information about ourselves
|
|
|
What is the Marriage Shift?
|
when you go from friendship to marriage, want someone honest, not always nice
|
|
|
What is impression management?
|
Trying to influence what impressions of us that others form
|
|
|
What is ingratiation?
|
Taking a one down position, give praise
|
|
|
What is self-promotion?
|
showing good qualities to prove worth
|
|
|
What is intimidation?
|
making/forcing people to do things people want
|
|
|
What is a high self moniter?
|
Someone who is skilled at impression management, different among groups
|
|
|
What is Social Penetration Theory?
|
How do people know you over time
1. Breadth and depth 2. Reciprocity- tell about yourself, other does same 3. Responsiveness- you want the person to respond, but not return stuff |
|
|
What are the differences for women in verbal communication?
|
-Discuss feelings, personal matters, gossip
-Self disclose more -Less talking around men -more indirect |
|
|
What are the differences for men in verbal communication?
|
-discuss impersonal people/actions
-more direct -seek humor -self disclose less, talk more w/women |
|
|
What is the Magic Ratio?
|
5 positive interactions for every 1 negative interaction
|
|
|
What is kitchen sinking?
|
have a specific problem, but hold in and throw all problems in one argument
|
|
|
What is yes-butting?
|
when one tries to fix problem, other "yes, but" gives negative aspects to solutions
|
|
|
What is drifting off-beam?
|
can't stay on topic, end up exchanging problem for problem
|
|
|
What is mind-reading?
|
Expect person to know what your thinking, or you assume you know what they are thinking
|
|
|
What is cross-complaining?
|
when someone brings up complaint, raises another one
|
|
|
What is a Volatile relationship?
|
A lot of bickering, end up fighting over subjects
|
|
|
What is the Avoidant relationship type?
|
When one addresses a problem, another brushes it off
|
|
|
What is the Validating relationship type?
|
Recognize each other's problems, end up discussing matters that bother each other
|
|
|
What are the Four Horsemen of the Apolocalypse?
|
1. Criticism- attacking character, not behaviors
2. Contempt- extreme sarcasm, demeaning 3. Defensiveness- once you start getting criticized, start defending yourself 4. Stonewalling |
|
|
What does generalizable mean?
|
Applies to people in a population
|
|
|
What is a "true" experimental study?
|
Random assignment, experimentor has control over sample
|
|
|
What is quasi-experimental studies?
|
Only study people who volunteer, choose to study
|
|
|
What is a descriptive study?
|
Describe something, don't predict/explain
|
|
|
What is a historical study?
|
Study based on previous events
|
|
|
What is a correlational study?
|
as one thing happens, so does another, no causation
|
|
|
What is one time data collection?
|
One group, one time, data collection
|
|
|
What is the Avoidant relationship type?
|
When one addresses a problem, another brushes it off
|
|
|
What is the Validating relationship type?
|
Recognize each other's problems, end up discussing matters that bother each other
|
|
|
What are the Four Horsemen of the Apolocalypse?
|
1. Criticism- attacking character, not behaviors
2. Contempt- extreme sarcasm, demeaning 3. Defensiveness- once you start getting criticized, start defending yourself 4. Stonewalling |
|
|
What does generalizable mean?
|
Applies to people in a population
|
|
|
What is a "true" experimental study?
|
Random assignment, experimentor has control over sample
|
|
|
What is quasi-experimental studies?
|
Only study people who volunteer, choose to study
|
|
|
What is a descriptive study?
|
Describe something, don't predict/explain
|
|
|
What is a historical study?
|
Study based on previous events
|
|
|
What is a correlational study?
|
as one thing happens, so does another, no causation
|
|
|
What is one time data collection?
|
One group, one time, data collection
|
|
|
What is cross-sectional time periods?
|
go around asking different groups, a single time
|
|
|
What is longetudal research?
|
follow different groups over a long time
|
|
|
What is retrospective research?
|
ask about past events for research
|
|
|
What is self report?
|
people ask you questions about yourself
|
|
|
What is other report?
|
when subject reports on someone else
|
|
|
What is physiological report?
|
Reporting about something within the body
|
|
|
What is meta-analysis?
|
Looking at all studies with some different results
|
|
|
What is the social desirability bias?
|
You answer based on what you think the researcher wants to hear
|
|
|
What is reactivity bias?
|
Acting in an artificial matter
|
|
|
What is recall bias?
|
People have a hard time remembering what happened, exaggerate
|
