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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Screening
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A quick look that identifies children who may have a disability and who need a
comprehensive assessment |
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How long does a screening normally take?
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15 to 20 minutes
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What does a screening typically involve?
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Testing large numbers of young children, usually in a short period of time
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What is a current problem with early childhood screenings?
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In many cases, families are unaware of
screenings They need to learn about the benefits of early intervention and purposes of reading |
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What are the best practices of screening?
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Establishing and maintaining rapport
Parent participation Considerations of child characteristics Reinforcement procedures Strategies for best performance Physical setting Administration time Instrument materials |
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What is the criteria for choosing screening
instruments? |
Length
Norm-referenced Cost Standardization of administration Objective scoring Broad focus High reliability and validity Hit rate – false negatives and false positives |
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Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ – 3)
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Parent questionnaire included
Available for children 1 month to 66 months Available in Spanish or English Covers 5 areas Also have an ASQ social – emotional questionnaire for 3 to 66 months 30 items Cost – $199 for each language, unlimited download Sensitivity 72% Specificity 86% Year of validation: 1991 – 1998 Variety of survey forms: 19 age-based forms Available languages: English, Spanish, French, Korea |
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Describe the parent questionnaire in the ASQ – 3.
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10 to 15 minutes to complete
30 items 3 minutes to score |
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Describe the 5 areas in the ASQ – 3
questionnaire. |
Communication
Gross motor Fine motor Problem-solving Personal – Social |
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What is the the DIAL – 4 4th Edition?
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Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning Assessment
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Describe the DIAL – 4 Assessment.
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Norm-referenced developmental screening test
Full scale form and a quick version (Speed DIAL) Children 3 years to 6 years, 11 months Cost – $625 Screening in 3 areas Parent questionnaire Good reliability and validity |
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What are the 3 areas of screening in the DIAL – 4 Assessment?
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Motor
Concepts Language |
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Describe the parent questionnaire included in the DIAL – 4 Assessment.
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Assesses self-help and social development
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Brigance Early Preschool Screening
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Criterion-referenced
Screens 21 – 30 month olds There are 8 skills assessed More information is needed on reliability and validity |
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Brigance Preschool Screening for 3 and 4 Year-Old Children
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Criterion-referenced
Screening inventory Children 3 – 4 years 4 components and 3 forms No evidence of reliability or validity |
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Denver II
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Norm-referenced screening instrument
Birth – 6 years 125 items in 4 categories Adequate information on standardization and reliability Needs additional information on validity |
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Child Development Inventories
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Cost
$72/25 forms to start, then $!/Screen Number of items: 300 Time: Parent Completion 30 minutes Time: Provider Score and Interpret 10 minutes Sensitivity: 80% Specificity: 96% Age range: 15 months – 6 years Year of validation: 1995 Variety of survey forms: Single reusable booklet for all ages Available languages: English, Spanish |
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Denver II
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Cost: $114 for 104 and 1kit
Number of items: 125 total Time: Parent Completion 0 Time: providers For and interpret 20 minutes Sensitivity: 56 – 83% Specificity: 43 – 80% Age range: 2 weeks – 6 years Year of validation: Before 1990 Variety of survey forms: Single form, all ages Available languages: English and Spanish |
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Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status
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Cost: $60 for 100 survey forms and score will sheets, then 3 cents/survey
Number of items: 10 Time: Parent Completion 5 minutes Time: Provider Score and Interpret 2 minutes Sensitivity: 74 – 79% Specificity: 70 – 80% Age range: 0 – 8 years Year of validation: 1997 Variety survey forms: Single form, all ages Available languages: English, Spanish, Vietnamese, Hmong, Somali, Chinese, Malaysian |
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What are some screening limitations?
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Variables
Administration errors False negatives False positives Special challenges |
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Variables
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A screening instruments result, like some other assessment approaches, show that side of the child's development at one point in time
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What can variables affect?
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The child's physical, emotional, or motivational states
The examiner's familiarity with the testing tools The examiner's understanding of child development The examiner's ability to establish rapport The examiner's familiarity with children who are linguistically and culturally diverse The examiner's familiarity with the screening environment |
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What are some things to avoid administration errors?
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Coaching the child
Giving the child a break on scoring Using phrases such as, "That's right," or "Now here's a hard (or easy) one" Using body language to cue child such as nods, frowns, or smiles at the time a child achieves (or fails) a task Teaching items inadvertently Sending unintended signals – know cultural practices |
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False negatives
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A child who, in fact, does have a disability may pass through the screening without being
identified for further assessment |
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What are the causes of false negative results?
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Lack of sensitivity of the screening instrument
Lack of training Limited clinical knowledge of the examiner(s) |
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False positives |
A child who does not have a disability may be identified for further assessment
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What do false positive results do?
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They increased parental and variety in place an extra burden on the family until a
comprehensive assessment is completed |
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What are the causes of false positive results?
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Lack of specificity of the screening instrument
Lack of training Lack of clinical knowledge of the examiner(s) Other factors |
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What groups are disproportionately represented in special education due to false positives?
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ELL
Culturally diverse children |
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Special challenges
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Family situations, too, can present special
challenges to the screening process |
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Give examples of family situations that present special challenges to the screening process.
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Families who are homeless
Families who have undocumented immigrant status may be difficult to locate or have the to consent to evaluation |
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Describe the typical community screening
programs. |
Interests: Welcome area
Station 1: Developmental Screening Station 2: Speech Screening Station 3: Nurse screens vision & hearing Station 4: Physical Therapist Screening Station 5: Parent Interview Exit |
