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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Older females help with defense would be associated with ________ and ________.
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altruists; langurs
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The summation of many small developing errors in the synthetic and enzymatic machinery of the cell mounts to a point beyond which conditions for cell life become impossible is the ____________theory of aging.
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error-catastrophe
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The theory of aging associated with the trade-off between the early-life benefits of a trait or gene having costs later in life is which theory?
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Negative pleiotropy
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There was an average of around _________year difference in age of death between monozygotic (identical) twins and randomly paired individuals.
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5
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Selection for long life in fruit flies would involve which genetic approach to studying aging?
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Polygenic
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There have been _______cases of Werner's Syndrome, a disease in which the inflicted die ___________
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many; around middle age
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An adult onset disease that is fatal within 5 years is:
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Lou Gehrig’s Disease
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One thing that has been learned about centenarians that Dr. Peter Martin noted was how ____________ they are.
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Different
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A discovery that Dr. Peter Martin mentioned regarding the personality of centenarians was that they were ___________.
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Resilient
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The caloric restriction of the Ames dwarf mouse corresponds to which survival curve (from Sierra et al 2009)
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Curve D
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An adult onset disease associated with chorea is:
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Huntington’s Disease
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If the relative prevalence of a disease in the population at large is 4% and your relative risk is 2.0, what is your absolute risk?
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8% (Population Risk x Relative Risk= Absolute Risk)
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Which of the following group is NOT one of the categories of proteins that genes code for?
-Structural -Enzymes -Hormones -Pheromones |
Pheromones
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Dr. Peter Martin noted that around __________% of centenarians in Iowa were below the poverty line.
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50
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According to Sierra and his co-workers (2009), the countries with the highest female and male life expectancies are ________ (women) and _______(men)
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Japan; Iceland
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The __________ honey bee queen ________colony.
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old; founds the new
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There are __________ 3-way combinations of G, C, A and T (triplets) that codes for the approximately _______different amino acids
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64; 20
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According to Dr. Peter Martin the two states with populations older than Iowa's are ______________.
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North Dakota and South Dakota
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A polygenic (multiple) gene change involving most cancers is considered a _____________ genetic abnormality.
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Structural
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According to Sierra et al (2009), in 1993 the National Institute on Aging launched the Longevity Assurance Gene initiative, an interactive network of funded researchers looking for genetic clues to longevity. In this network was the first longevity gene ever described which was _________ in C. elegans (hint: Dr. Thomas Johnson was discoverer)
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Age-1
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Which country in this 'best practices' graph of historical longevity corresponds to the red circles at the upper right? (taken from Sierra et al 2009)
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Japan
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The end of the completed contracted phase of the family life cycle is:
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First spouse dies
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According to the Carey and Judge (2001) paper on longevity extension humans have a life span that is ___-fold greater than that predicted from body mass.
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2-fold
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Which of the following was NOT presented in class but WAS presented in the Carey and Judge (2001) longevity extension paper?
-Demographic Dividend -Productivity -Investment in Physical Capital -Teaching and Learning |
Demographic Dividend
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Individual 5 is the ___________of Individual 24.
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Grandfather
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Individual 15 is the ___________of Individual 47.
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2nd cousin 3 times removed.
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Individual 42 is the ___________of Individual 9.
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2nd great grand nephew
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Individual 1 is the ___________of Individual 24
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Great Grandfather
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Individual 41 is the ___________of Individual 27.
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3rd cousin once removed
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Individual 47 is the ___________of Individual 27.
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3rd cousin twice removed
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Individual 36 is the ________ of Individual 35.
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3rd cousin
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Individual 20 is the _____________ of Individual 15.
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1st cousin
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Individual 27 is the________ of Individual 5.
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Great Grand Nephew
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Individual 13 is the ______________ of Individual 27.
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1st cousin twice removed
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Which of the following WAS NOT one of the foundational principles drawn on by Carey and Judge (Longevity extension paper) concerning longevity extension is self reinforcing?
-Division of Labor -Evolutionary Theory of Aging -Cost of Reproduction -Intergenerational transfers |
Cost of Reproduction
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Which of the following WAS NOT presented in class BUT WAS presented in the Carey and Judge (2001) longevity extension paper concerning why wealthy nations are also wealthy nations?
a. Teaching and learning b. Investment in physical capital c. Productivity d. Demographic Dividend |
d. Demographic dividend
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T/F: It is a men's seller's market (more women than men) in GROWING populations in which men marry women 5 years OLDER.
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False
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Uncles and aunts are_____kin.
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Colineal and Collateral
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The end of completed extension phase of the family life cycle is:
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First child leaves home
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If a person has a 2% chance of getting a disease and the general population has an 8% chance his relative risk is ____________.
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0.25 (Relative risk= Absolute/population)
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A reduction in mortality with lagged reduction in reproduction is known as the ______________ (from Carey and Judge 2001).
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Demographic Transition
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The German folk saying "One child _________"
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One tooth
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The offspring of sisters from one family who both marry brothers from another family are_______?
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Double First Cousins
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Genetic material passed only through the paternal line would be found on what chromosome?
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Y-Chromosome
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A collective term referring to all consanguine relations is _________.
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Pedigree
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Evokes an image of a family tree branching as it ascends
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Ancestry
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The offspring of cousins who marry has ___ grandparents.
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4
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What group is named the Hayflick Limit?
a. Cell researchers in Israel b. Physiologists at UCSF c. Rock musicians d. Group interested in Methuselah’s |
c. Rock Musicians
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The trends in maximum age from 1861 to 1991 was based on which country's information?
a. UK b. Sweden c. Germany d. US |
b. Sweden
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Which of the following is NOT an ADL (Activity of Daily Living)?
a. Getting out of bed b. All are ADL’s c. Meal Preparation d. Bathing |
c. Meal preparation
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Increasing moderately due almost entirely to accelerated reduction in death rates at older ages would describe changes in
a. Maximum lifespan before 1960 b. Maximum life span after 1970 c. life expectancy before 1960 d. life expectancy after 1970 |
b. maximum lifespan after 1970
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Causes of death A, B and C are:
a. Cerebrovascular, heart disease, malignancies b. Malignancies, heart disease, cerebrovascular c. Malignancies, cerebrovascular; heart disease d. Cerebrovascular; malignancies, heart disease |
d. Cerebrovascular; malignancies, heart disease
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Decreasing rapidly due to reductions in mortality at younger ages would describe changes in
a. Life expectancy before 1960 b. variability of lifespan before 1960 c. Variability in lifespan after 1970 d. Life expectancy after 1970 |
b. variability of lifespan before 1960
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Which of the following is NOT an IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living)?
a. Shopping b. Medication use c. All are IADL's d. Meal preparation |
c. All are IADL's
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Health care costs are around _________% of the U.S. economy.
a. 21 b. 17 c. 31 d. 27 |
b. 17
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According to "Graying of the Great Powers' article, most of the contracting populations in the world in 2050 will be in ____
a. Africa b. Asia c. South America d. Europe |
d. Europe
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What happened to the doctors that the main character in the Blue Zones NY Times article, Stamatis Moraitis, when he went back to see them in the U.S. after having lived in Icaria, Greece? They had all ________.
a. moved b. changed specialties c. died d. retired |
c. died
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Leonard Hayflick believes that human life expectancy will level out at around _________years of age.
a. 97 b. 100 c. 92 d. 88 |
c. 92
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Which 'trough' in age structure of the German population in 1996 depicts the birth deficit in World War II?
a. B b. D c. A d. C |
d. C
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Roughly ______% of California's population is over 65.
a. 8 b. 10 c. 16 d. 12 |
d. 12
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In the epidemiological transition population growth rate is highest
a. in the middle b. in the beginning c. at the end |
a. in the middle
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Loss of mental facilities associated with old age is the definition of ________.
a. Dementia b. Senility c. Senile dementia d. Moribund |
b. Senility
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The only country whose world rank in population size that will not change from present through 2050 is___________.
a. India b. Brazil c. China d. United States |
d. United States
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Which of the following WAS NOT considered a Blue Zone region or city according to Daniel Buettner?
a. Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica b. Loma Linda, California c. Ikaria, Greece d. Cacasus Mountain region, Georgia |
d. Cacasus Mountain region, Georgia
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In the compression of morbidity model syllogism, "If the rate of such (marker) postponement can be greater than the rate of increase in adult life expectancy" is the ______ logical step listed.
a.2nd b.1st c.3rd d.4th |
c. 3rd
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The source of frustration for Dr. Hayflick regarding funded research by the National Institute on Aging was too much focus on __________ rather than the actual biology of aging.
a. caloric restriction b. cost of reproduction c.yeast research d. age-associated diseases |
d. age-associated diseases
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Phase V of the morbidity compression chronic disease model is
a.Severe b.End c.Threshold d. Subclinical |
a. Severe
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According to Dr. Hayflick, elimination (cure) of Alzheimer's Disease would add _________ to life expectancy.
a.153 day b.around 2.3 years c.19 days d.about a month |
c. 19 days
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Phase IV of the morbidity compression chronic disease model is:
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Threshold
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What major medical problem did the main character in the Blue Zones NY Times article, Stamatis Moraitis, have in his mid-60s but still lived to an extremely advanced age?
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Lung Cancer
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Restrictions in basic physical and mental actions: ambulate, reach, stoop, climb stairs, and produce intelligible speech would be considered _______.
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Functional Limitations
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A man age 52 with advanced emphysema has very restricted lung capacity and feels perpetually tired. That he cannot climb stairs or walk for more than several minutes would be considered a/an________.
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Functional Limitations
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In the developed world, the aging transformation will have sweeping economic, social, and political consequences that could undermine the ability of the United States and the traditional allies to maintain security. The consequences can be divided into several main types. Which was NOT one listed in the article “Graying of the Great Powers”?
a.Changes in economic performance b.Changes in social mood c. All were listed d.Changes in demographic size |
c. All were listed (changes in economic performance, changes in social mood, changes in demographic size)
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The sequence of the disablement process model is:
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1.Pathology
2.Impairments 3.Functional limitations 4.Disability |
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Throughout history, populations have usually behaved in one of two ways. They have grown steadily, or they have declined fitfully due to disease, starvation, or violence. In the coming decades, we will see something entirely new: large, low-birthrate populations that ________.
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Steadily contract
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Roughly equal percentages of male and female who reached 100 occurred in which centenarian profile?
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Delayers
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Whereas the highest mortality spike generally occurs on ___________, the lowest generally occurs on ___________.
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Christmas; Memorial Day
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Dr. John Haaga noted that around __________ of all dying people go bankrupt due to end-of-life healthcare even though they have medicare.
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Quarter
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Which state or country was NOT among those that have legalized euthanasia?
a.Switzerland b.Montana c.France d.Belgium |
c.France
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Fetal undernutrition during the ______ trimester can result in high blood pressure in later life.
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All three trimesters
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One of the key studies mentioned in the Taube article on "What makes us healthy?" was the:
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Nurse's Health Study
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The highest percentage of nonagenarians in the world is found in:
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Icaria, Greece
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Intermittent episodes of decline would be associated with:
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Heart Failure
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A recent study in monkeys ___________ the likelihood that caloric restriction would probably prolong life expectancy in humans.
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Cast doubt on
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The survival study for U.S. supreme court justices suggests that retirement________.
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Accelerates death
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Stress as discussed in the 'Status Syndrome' lecture involved balance between demands and _________________ and lack of balance between effort and ______________.
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Control; reward
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Dr. Owen Carmichael mentioned which gene associated with Alzheimer's Disease?
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APOE-4
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According to Taube (What makes us healthy?), observational studies can only provide what researchers call _____________evidence i.e. what a defense attorney would call circumstantial evidence.
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Hypothesis-generating
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Taube (What makes us healthy) noted that if you ask the more skeptical epidemiologists in the field what diet and lifestyle factors have been convincingly established as causes of common chronic diseases based on observational studies without clinical trials, you’ll get a very short list. Which WAS NOT on that short list?
a.smoking b.sun exposure c.fatty food d.sexual activity |
c. Fatty food
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One cigarette reduces a person's life by ___________minut
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11
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Which of the following countries are expected to have lower populations in 2050 relative to present levels?
a.Japan b.Italy c.Russia d.All will have smaller populations |
d.All will have smaller populations (Japan, Italy, Russia)
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Dr. Haaga noted that the inflection point for the life expectancy at age 50 of U.S. women relative to all other developed countries occurred around __________.
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1970
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The disproportionate baby is thought to result from undernutrition _______ gestation.
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later in
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According to the Swedish epigenetic study, a person's health at older ages can depend on the experience of his/her progenitors up to ______ generations removed.
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2
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According to Dr. Owen Carmichael in which country is Alzheimer's Disease decreasing?
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Russia
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In the context of the biology of the finitude, the question of why we live as long as we do would be a/an _________question.
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Ultimate
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The MAIN carry-away message of the mini-lecture on homosexual sex was_________.
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in network, sex with one is sex with all
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The critical growth period of a cohort regarding feast and famine in the Swedish epigenetic study was around age ______.
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10
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In the Swedish study of epigenetics, if the _______experienced food shortages or famine during the slow growth period then the ______ is protected against cardiovascular death.
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father; son
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According to Taube (What makes us healthy?) one of the biggest limitations of epidemiological studies is ____________.
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causation determination
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Smoking caused a reduction of ___ and ___ years for U.S. men and women, respectively.
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6.0; 8.5
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In early intrauterine life undernutrition tends to produce ____ but ____ animals.
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small; normally proportioned
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The greatest correlation for a woman’s perceived age (in the Gunn et al, 2009 study) was with ______.
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Wrinkling
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Dr. Owen Carmichael noted that every decade of life after ____ years of age doubles the risk of acquiring Alzheimer’s Disease.
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60
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Taubes (What makes us healthy?) noted that testing any hypothesis regarding hormone treatment replacement in women requires _____.
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Randomized-controlled trials
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Suicides are generally highest on which day of the week?
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Monday
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Extinction of personality would be considered death of the _____.
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Person as a whole
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What was the carry-away message of the Finnish study concerned with growth trajectories in children who have coronary events as adults?
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The “catch-up” growth in all aspects after age 2 is critical
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Which of the following methods was NOT mentioned by Dr. Owen Carmichael as a method for detecting the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's Disease?
a.Positron emission tomography (PET) b.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) c.spinal tap |
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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T/F: According to Dr. Owen Carmichael primates are an important non-human model for Alzheimer's Disease.
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False
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The model used by the Social Security Administration to estimate life expectancy in 2077 was based on historical changes in:
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age-specific mortality
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Deaths are highest during which month?
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January
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Dementia would be considered in which category of complex phenomena that is related to increased longevity?
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Absence of genetic factors responsible for pathological condition
(there is a gene linkage with dementia, and so people that don't express/have that allele/gene tend to live longer>>the ABSENCE of the gene, is correlated with an increase in longevity) |
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According to Taubes (What makes us healthy?), people who faithfully engage in activities that are good for them — taking a drug as prescribed, for instance, or eating what they believe is a healthy diet — are fundamentally different from those who don’t. In epidemiology this is known as the _________
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Healthy User bias
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The Shell Oil retirement study concluded that retiring early _______ associated with better survival than retiring at 65.
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Was not
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According to Taubes (What makes us healthy?), in research the people who comply with their doctors' orders when given a prescription are different and healthier than people who don't is known as:
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Bias of compliance
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