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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Itard
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itard = retard (boy is deficient)
society had role in children dev the boy appeared to be mentally deficient because he was isolated from society |
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Preyer
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preyer = first to prey/write textbook
wrote first textbook on child dev wanted to identify sequences of behavior because they would show how new forms of behavior emerged from earlier forms i.e. crawling becomes walking |
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Lorenz
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proposed the existence of the critical period in newly hatched geese dev when they imprint
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Freud
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children dev based on sex drive
oral>anal>phallic>latency>genital |
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Watson
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watson = nba = any job is possible
use learning principles to train any infant to dev into whatever he/she wished |
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Skinner
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skinner = brian skinner learning
operant conditioning learning shaped by consequences of behavior |
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bandura
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bandura = ban yeh (chinese). observe others
children observe other |
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Vygotsky
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nature/nurture
zone of proximal development: gap between what child can do by himself and what they can do when interacting with others |
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Erikson
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erikson = erik (magneto). magnets not biological. cont throughout life
social and cultural factors influence dev. NOT biological dev process continues throughout life rather than end in adolescence |
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Piaget
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schema = most basic unit of cognitive function. provides understanding for the world
schemas change through adaptation (assimilation and accommodation) assimilation = incorporate new experiences into existing schema children go through equilibration (back and forth finding a fit between existing schema and new exp) |
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what is plasticity?
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reliability of conclusions for experiments
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definition of continuous/discontinuous?
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cont = gradual small changes
disc = a series of radical changes |
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types of research designs:
1) longitudinal 2) cross-sectional 3) cohort sequential 4) microgenetic |
longi = collect info about a group over time
cross = collect info about various ages at one time cohort = combines both cross and long. study several over time micro = focus on dev over short periods esp children during major changes |
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critical period
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a period when specific biological or environmental events are required for normal dev to occur
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sensitive period
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when an event has more meaning/more effect at a certain age than at another
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what are the four domains of development?
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1. social
2.emotional 3.cognitive 4.physical |
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objectivity
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prior experience does not get in the way of gathering and analyzing date
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replicability
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whether other researchers can use same procedures to get same results
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mitosis and meiosis?
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mitosis = replication of all cells except sperm/ova
meiosis (MY O) = generates sperm and Ova |
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genotype vs phenotype
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geno = genetic detail
pheno = observable trait/behavior |
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canalization
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a canalized trait follows a strictly defined path regardless of any env/genetic influences or variations
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times when laws of genetic inheritance does not hold?
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there are 2 conditions when they do not apply
1) mutation. a permament change in DNA 2) genetic imprinting. alleles are chemically marked that on pair member is activated |
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dominant allele disorders examples?
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waardenburg syndrome = unusual pigmentation. two color eyes/shocking white hair
marfan syndrome = 1 in 5k or 1 in 10k occurs. affects connective tissue (elongated fingers) |
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codominant disorders
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AB blood type = type A mother and type B father. blood of each is expressed which means CODOMINANT
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hemophilia
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1 in 10k males only. takes a long time for blood to clot
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klinefelter syndrome
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1:900 males XXY
males fail to develop secondary sex characteristics (facial hair/voice change) -breast development, penis not fully developed |
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turner's syndrome
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1:2500/8000 females XO
incomplete development of sex characteristics at puberty |
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extra y syndrome
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1:1000 males XYY
above avg height, large teeth, and sometimes severe acne |
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triple x
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1:500/1250 females
tallness and impaired verbal intelligence |
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fragile x
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changes in X chromosome
causes retardation |
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down syndrome
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95% children with DS have 3 copies of chromosome 21
-mental retardation -1:1000 births -the older u are, the higher chance of having child with DS -mothers eggs are exposed to environmental effects |
