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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Antidote to drug -overdose, respiratory depression
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Narcan
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Resp depression occurs at what ph
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ph less than 7.15 or ph greater than 7.45
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Where is rate and depth of resp controlled
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medulla oblongata- inspiratory and expiratory center
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What acid base levels reflect resp failure
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PO2 less than or = to 50mmhg or PCO2 greater than 50mmhg with PH less than 7.25
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What is Croup
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Severe inflammation of upper airways- by a virus
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Manifestations of Croup
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Inspiratory stridor with bark like cough, and laryngeal edema to various degrees
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Who's affected by croup
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Kids up to 3 yrs
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Croup tx
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Aerosolized epinephrine, , decadron, cool mist, antipyretics
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Manifestations of resp failure
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Decreased resp excursion
Acessory muscle use Retractions |
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Treatment of Resp failure
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Morphiner
Ativan Bronchodilators O2 Intubate Mech vent with peep |
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S/S of inhalation of a foreign body
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Drooling , mostly with kids
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Best way to see Sinusitis
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Use illumination to visualize blockage
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Sinusitis s/s
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H/A, cough in the prone position, fever, sore throat
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Sinusitis Teaching
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Throw away tooth brush after abts
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Larengeal edema treatment
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Epinephrine and ice packs to the throat
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Causes of Laryngeal edema
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Severe inflammations of the throat, such as croup, anaphylaxis, scarlett fever
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Chronic Bronchitis is?
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A form of COPD where airways are narrowed and filled with mucous that impairs airway clearance
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Is Chronic Bronchitis reversible?
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No the narrowing of the small airways is irreversible leading to hypoxemia and CO2 retention
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Manifestations of Chronic Bronchitis
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Dyspnea, increased sputum with a productive cough prolonged expiration and rhonchi and wheezing
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DX of Chronic Bronchitis
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CXR- hyperinflation
PFT's - expiratory volumes are decreased but residual voulumes are increased |
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What do these Chronic Bronchitis dx mean
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You breathe in but because of narrowed airways from mucous and inflamm the air can't get back out( lungs hyper inflate and air trap)
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Diet needs for Chronic Bronchitis
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Protein, Vit C, nitrogen, and calories
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What color is a person with chronic bronchitis
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They will be dusky to cyanotic (they are hypoxic and have hypercapnia and acidosis)
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What will you notice about Chronic Bronchitis
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They are pale, cyanotic, edematous, breathing fast, appear soa with little exertion, digital clubbing
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S/S of hypoxemia and hypercapnia (may occur toghether)
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H/A, irritable, confused, cardiac arrhythmia's increased heart rate , asterixis
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What is a freq s/s of hypercapnia
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Morning headache
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s/s of hypocapnia
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tachypnea, vertigo, tingling of extremities, muscle weakness and muscle spasm
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What is hypocapnia
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It means you have PCO2 of less than 35mmhg in resp alkalosis usually by a state of hyperventilation- blowing off to much carbon dioxide
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Early S/S of resp depression
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anxious, restless, confused, and the resp rate becomes slow and shallow
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Late s/s of resp depression
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lethargic and possible cyanotic
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Why does COPD cause hypoventilation
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It traps air in the alveoliand decreases the exchange of gases
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Why does increased airway resistance cause hypoventilation
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It prevents air from reaching the lungs , there is an actual decrease in the diameter of the airway and it decreases ventilation
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Things that increase airway resistance
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Laryngeal edema, Croup, asthma, COPD sinusitis, chronic bronchitis, sleep apnea, trapped foreign body
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Effects of Hypoventilation
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Hypoxemia, Hypoxia and hypercapnia because O2 can't get in and CO2 cant get out
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What is atelectasis
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A decrease in the available Os absorbing surface- alveolar collapse(localized)
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What are the s/s of Atelectasis
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diminished breath sounds, dyspnea, anxiety, cyanosis, diaphoresis, tachycardia, retractions
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What does atelectasis look like in
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Very nervous, breathing hard and fast with lots of chest movement (retractions), turning blue (lack of O2)
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Treatment for atelectasis
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bronchodilators, db/c, analgesics inspirometry
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What is Flail chest
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having 2 or more fx ribs in 2 or more places= chest trauma
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What does flail chest look like
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See-saw breathing(paradoxical chest wall movement), and will become cyanotic be sob, and intense pain on inspiration
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abg-flail
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hypoxemia, and hypercapnia because gas x-change is impaired
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Why does mediastinal shift occur with flail chest
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when patient breaths in the ribs move in and shift the mediastinum to the unaffected side
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v/q ratio with flail chest
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decreased ventilation and increased dead space
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What can the CO2 retention in flail chest lead to
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respiratory acidosis from the hypercapnia
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What is a bad complication that should be watched for with Flail Chest
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Tension Pneumothorax
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Mild flail chest
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Splint when coughing and deep breathing
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Which side should you place a flail chest patient on
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The affected side to support the rib segment
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What is a pneumothorax
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collapsed lung the parietal or visceral pleura is punctured
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What happens with the airflow in peumothorax
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Atmospheric air enters the pleural space(- the normal neg atmospherice pressure is what maintains lung inflation)
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Closed Pneumothorax is and caused by
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rupture, bleb or blister on the lungs surface emphysema can cause it
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