Hbs Unit 2 Test

Front 1

sensory neuron (afferent)

Back 1

transmit sensory information (sight, sound, function)

Front 2

inter (association) neuron

Back 2

forms connections (aka connector neurons or relay neurons) between other neurons

Front 3

motor neuron (efferent)

Back 3

directly controls the contraction/relaxation of muscles

Front 4

cerebrum

Back 4

contains all lobes of the brain, 4 parts

Front 5

frontal lobe

Back 5

controls personality and decision making, thought processes, reasoning

Front 6

parietal lobe

Back 6

controls sensory information (taste,hearing), contains the sensory cortex

Front 7

occipital lobe

Back 7

responsible for vision

Front 8

temporal lobe

Back 8

controls hearing, taste, smell

Front 9

cerebellum "little brain"

Back 9

controls motor and balance, fear and pleasure responses

Front 10

brain stem

Back 10

controls living functions (breathing, heart rate, sleeping, eating)

Front 11

medulla

Back 11

heart rate, vomiting, breathing, bp

Front 12

amygdala

Back 12

acrostics

fear, rage, aggression, emotion

Front 13

pitutary gland

Back 13

master gland of the endocrine system, controlled by the hypothalamus

Front 14

hypothalamus

Back 14

acrostics

controls hunger, thirst, sexual pleasure, pitutary gland,

Front 15

brocas area

Back 15

in frontal lobe, responsible for speech production

Front 16

wernickes area

Back 16

in temporal lobe, responsible for speech comprehension

Front 17

hippocampus

Back 17

MEMORY

Front 18

association cortex

Back 18

higher level thinking like learning

Front 19

pons

Back 19

sleeping, dreaming, and arousal

Front 20

sensory cortex

Back 20

in frontal lobe, responsible for senses

Front 21

motor cortex

Back 21

in frontal lobe, responsible for motor coordination

Front 22

reticular formation

Back 22

alertness and arousal

Front 23

reflex arc

Back 23

neural pathway that controls an action reflex including a sensory and motor neuron with a synapse in between

Front 24

reflex

Back 24

automatic action your body does in response to something, involuntary action, does not pass through brain

Front 25

synapse

Back 25

small gap between the axon of the presynaptic neurons axon, and the postsynpatic neurons dendrite. transfers the electrical impulse from one neuron to another

Front 26

epilepsy

Back 26

seizures caused by abnormally excited electrical impulses in the brain

Front 27

parkinsons

Back 27

shaking brain disorder in which a person looses cells in the brain

Front 28

alzhemiers

Back 28

memory loss formation of dementia in which a person looses neurons

Front 29

huntingtons

Back 29

spasms degeneration of cells, genetic

Front 30

als

Back 30

loss of muscle control, disrupts signals to all voluntary muscles, breakdown of motor neurons

Front 31

multiple sclerosis

Back 31

complete muscle loss, breakdown of myelin sheath

Front 32

sodium potassium pump

Back 32

restores the amount of potassium and sodium in and out of the axon after depolorization. sodium moves out of the cell and potassium enters

Front 33

action potential

Back 33

change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle or nerve cell

Front 34

pancreas

Back 34

it has exocrine glands that aid in digestion. helps blood-glucose levels remain at homeostasis by releasing insulin and glucogen

Front 35

gryus

Back 35

top ridges of brain

Front 36

sulcus

Back 36

bottom shallow grooves of brain

Front 37

insulin

Back 37

hormone secreated from the pancreas that is released when there is high glucose levels

Front 38

glucagon

Back 38

hormone that is released when the blood glucose levels are too low

Front 39

thyroid

Back 39

gland located around the esophagus that makes and stores hormones that help regulate heart rate, bp, and weight

Front 40

cornea

Back 40

protects eye, bends light to make image on retina

Front 41

aqueous humor

Back 41

clear fluid that helps cornea keep rounded shape

Front 42

pupil

Back 42

dark circle in center of iris, hole that lets light into inner eye

Front 43

iris

Back 43

muscle that controls how much light is let into eye

Front 44

lens

Back 44

makes image on retina, changes shape focusing on objects that are close up or far away

Front 45

vitreous humor

Back 45

thick, clear jelly that gives eyeball shape

Front 46

retina

Back 46

layer of light-sensitive cells at back of eye, detects images focussed by cornea and lens, connected to brain by optic nerve

Front 47

blind spot

Back 47

lace where optic nerve leaves retina; no light sensitive cells

Front 48

optic nerve

Back 48

nerve fibers that carry information from the retina to the brain; no rods/cones

Front 49

sclera

Back 49

thick, tough, white outer covering of the eyeball for protection

Front 50

endocrine gland

Back 50

endocrine glands in the body contain hormones that help maintain homeostasis by managing these hormone levels

Front 51

what is the master gland?

Back 51

the pituitary gland because it can control how much or how little of each hormone for each gland is being produced

Front 52

how do endocrine glands work together to maintain homeostasis?

Back 52

they work together by seperatley producing their own hormone that controls a certain section of the body

Front 53

glaucoma

Back 53

increased pressure in the eye, causes gradual loss of sight

Front 54

hyperopia

Back 54

farsightedness

Front 55

myopia

Back 55

nearsightedness

Front 56

astigmatism

Back 56

light rays are prevented from meeting a common focus, which can cause distortedness

Front 57

cataracts

Back 57

eye becomes opaque causing blurriness to sight

Front 58

retinitis pigmentosa

Back 58

hereditary disease where the light sensitivity of the eye progressively degenerate and cause blindess

Front 59

macular degeneration

Back 59

seen more in the elderly, this is where there is damage to the retina and affects reading skills and even recognition of faces

Front 60

colorblindess

Back 60

absence of color sensitive pigment in the cone cells of the retina, which makes it hard to differentiate colors

Front 61

optic nerve

Back 61

a bundle of nerve fibers that carry information from the retina to the brain

Front 62

cornea

Back 62

a protective layer over the eye

Front 63

rods

Back 63

percieve the amount of light rays that enter the eye (regulates the amount of light)

Front 64

cones

Back 64

percieve the different colors

Front 65

what structures does light pass through in order?

Back 65

cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina

Front 66

communication process of an action potential?

Back 66

resting potential, depolarization, repolarization, resting potential

Front 67

resting potential

Back 67

the outside of the cell is positive and the inside of the cell is negative

Front 68

depolarization

Back 68

the potassium channel closes and sodium rushes in, reversing the charges of the cell

Front 69

repolarlization

Back 69

the sodium channel closes and potassium rushes out, restoring the charges of the cell

Front 70

returning resting potential

Back 70

the sodium potassium pump restores original concentrations