Hazmat 6Th Ed Chapter 11

Front 1

In hazmat/WMD, incidents with contaminated mass Casualties, responders are most effective by rapidly removing the contaminated persons from the hot zone and initiating mass ______ (decon) procedures for the victims.

Back 1

Decontamination

P409

Front 2

____ decontamination is the physical process of rapidly reducing or removing contaminants from multiple persons (victims and responders) in potentially life-threatening situation’s.

Back 2

Mass decontamination

P409

Front 3

___ Decon is initiated when the number of victims and time constraints do not allow the establishment of an in-depth decontamination process (such as technical Decon).

Back 3

Mass decon

P409

Front 4

The purpose of mass ___ is to remove the contaminant from skin and clothing to reduce further spread of contamination and exposure, thus protecting emergency, responders, medical personnel, and others from secondary contamination and potential exposure. Responders can initiate mass Decon with or without the formal establishment of a Decon ____.

Back 4

Decon

Corridor

P409

Front 5

All agencies should have a ___ Decon plan as part of their overall emergency response plan.

Back 5

Mass decon

P410

Front 6

Calling one of the 24 hour emergency response centers (contact numbers provided on the ____ papers or in the backside of the ___).

Back 6

Shipping papers

ERG

p410

Front 7

Mass Decon methods include:

-Isolation

-Dilution

-____

Back 7

Washing

P411

Front 8

The initial step in ____ involves operations level responders, directing people away from the source of the contamination.

Back 8

Isolation

P411

Front 9

Before showering, anyone undergoing mask, Decon should be encouraged to remove as much ____ as possible.

Back 9

Clothing

P411

Front 10

Responders should isolate contaminated clothing in ___, appropriate bags, or other containers for later disposal.

Agencies must have an ______ system for all personal items and valuables removed from individuals undergoing Decon.

Back 10

Drums

Accountability

P411

Front 11

In most cases, disrobing and ____ will provide effective removal of contaminants.

Back 11

Showering

P411

Front 12

In the instance of dust, powders and biological weapons, agent, contamination, an individual should _____ their clothing, and then remove for showering.

Back 12

Dampen

P411

Front 13

Most often, mass, Decon can be effectively accomplished with a simple water shower system, that merely _____ the hazardous product and physically washes it away.

Mass Decon uses large volumes of ___ pressure, water, in a fog pattern to quickly reduce the level of contamination.

Back 13

Dilutes

Low pressure

P412

Front 14

Large volumes of ____ pressure water are often used in mass decontamination operations.

Back 14

Low pressure

P412

Front 15

_____ is recommended when soap or Decon solution is not available.

Back 15

Dilution

P412

Front 16

Mark decon Corridors with barrier tape, traffic ____, or other highly visible means.

Back 16

Cones

P412

Front 17

Responders should quickly establish mass decontamination to reduce harm, and the spread of contamination. Initial operations will likely be through handheld hose lines or ___ streams supplied from fire apparatus, while a more formal process is being set up.

Back 17

Master streams

P412

Front 18

Many innovations in products, such as Decon, trailers and portable tents (that help alleviate privacy concerns) to portable water heaters, disposable coveralls, and “bagging and ____” systems, have been developed to assist in mass Decon operations.

Back 18

Bagging and tagging

P413

Front 19

Responders are not only challenge with guiding and managing crowds, while wearing protective clothing, but they must also try to avoid being exposed to cross _____ . For maximum effectiveness, it is recommended that responders divide people into ambulatory and ___ambulatory groups.

Back 19

Cross contaminated

Non-ambulatory

P415

Front 20

A system of ____ can be used to move non-ambulatory victims through the Decon corridor.

Back 20

Rollers

P415

Front 21

Responders should direct ambulatory people to an area of safe ___ within the isolation perimeter to await prioritization for decontamination.

Back 21

Refuge

P416

Front 22

_____ decontamination may use chemical or physical methods to thoroughly remove contaminants from responders’ (primarily entry team personnel) PPE and equipment.

Back 22

Technical decontamination

P418

Front 23

____ decontamination provide a more in-depth and thorough cleaning and emergency Decon.

Back 23

Technical Decon

P418

Front 24

Due to the multiple steps and limited facilities, the ___ Decon process is more time consuming per person.

Back 24

Technical

P418

Front 25

____ Decon uses chemical and or physical methods to thoroughly remove contaminants.

Back 25

Technical

P418

Front 26

Operations level responders involved in technical Decon operations must do so under the guidance of a hazmat ____, SOPs, or an Allied professional.

Back 26

Hazmat technician

P418

Front 27

Personal conduct technical Decon within a formal line or ___. The type and scope of technical Decon are determined by the _____ involved at the incident.

Back 27

Corridor

Contaminants

P419

Front 28

In technical decon situations where the hazardous material has been identified, the Decon ____ may use NIOSH guides and permeation data to assist responders when selecting the appropriate chemical, protective clothing, and . respiratory protection

Back 28

Supervisor

P419

Front 29

Often those conducting Decon are dressed in an ensemble at the ____ class of protection or one class ___ that of the entry team.

Back 29

Same

Below

P420

Front 30

Because there is a possibility that the Decon team may become contaminated while working, decontamination operations, they will need to pass through decontamination before leaving the ____.

Back 30

Corridor

P420

Front 31

Technical decontamination methods can be divided into four broad categories: wet or ____ methods, and physical or ____ methods.

Back 31

Wet or dry

Physical or chemical

P420

Front 32

The most effective means of decontamination may be as simple as the ____ of the outer clothing, or PPE that has been contaminated by the hazardous material.

Back 32

Removal

P420

Front 33

___ methods usually involve washing the contaminated surfaces with solutions or flushing with water from a hose stream or safety shower. Alternatively, ___ methods include scraping, brushing, and absorption.

Back 33

Wet

Dry

P420

Front 34

In technical Decon scenarios, those conducting Decon are often dressed in an ensemble one class ____ that of the entry team.

Back 34

Below

P420

Front 35

_____ Decon uses any combination of wet, dry, physical, and or chemical decontamination methods.

Back 35

Technical

P421

Front 36

___ Decon methods may necessitate collecting runoff water in liquid retaining (containment) devices, such as wading pools.

Back 36

Wet decon

P421

Front 37

In the disposal process, responders, dispose of all equipment that cannot be sufficiently ____.

Back 37

Decontaminated

P426

Front 38

_____ is a process using high efficiency, particulate air (HEPA) filter, vacuum cleaners, to pull solid materials, such as fibers, dusts, powders, and particulates from surfaces.

Back 38

Vacuuming

P426

Front 39

When cleaning mercury spills, only use ____ vacuums, specifically designed and certified for mercury.

Back 39

Mercury

P426

Front 40

___ is a process similar to dilution, and that they are both wet methods of decontamination.

Back 40

Washing

P426

Front 41

____ is an advantageous method of decontamination because of the accessibility, speed, and economy of using water and soap. As with the dilution process, runoff water from washing, may need to be confined and disposed of properly.

Back 41

Washing

P426

Front 42

Washing typically involves soap or other ____ mixed with water.

Back 42

Surfactants

P426

Front 43

____ methods are used to make the containment less harmful by changing it through some kind of chemical process.

Back 43

Chemical

P426

Front 44

Examples of _____ decontamination methods include:

Adsorption, chemical degradation, sanitization, disinfection, sterilization, neutralization, solidification.

Back 44

Chemical

P426

Front 45

____ is a chemical decontamination method involving the interaction of a hazardous liquid and a solid sorbent surface.

Back 45

Adsorption

P426

Front 46

The process of ___ degradation uses a material to change the chemical structure of a hazardous material.

Never use chemical degradation processes to decontaminate ___.

Back 46

Chemical degradation

Skin

P427

Front 47

The implementation ____ reduces the number of micro organisms to a safe level.

Back 47

Sanitization

P427

Front 48

The implementation ____ reduces the number of micro organisms to a safe level.

Back 48

Sanitization

P427

Front 49

The ____ process kills most of the micro organisms present.

In a Decon, setting, a variety of chemical or anti-septic products, maybe used to accomplish _____. Most first responders are familiar with disinfection procedures, such as wiping contaminated surfaces with a bleach solution to kill, blood-borne pathogens.

Back 49

Disinfection

Disinfection

P427

Front 50

The ____ process kills all micro organisms present. ___ is normally accomplished with chemicals, steam, heat, or radiation.

Back 50

Sterilization

P427

Front 51

_____ change is the pH of a corrosive, raising, or lowering it towards 7 (neutral) on the pH scale.

____ should not be performed on living tissue.

Back 51

Neutralization

Neutralization

P427

Front 52

_____ is a process that takes a hazardous liquid and turns it into a solid.

____ is not used for personal decontamination, but can be utilized for equipment and apparatus.

Back 52

Solidification

Solidification

P427

Front 53

The decontamination site needs to be __ wind of the hot zone to protect response personnel from contamination.

Back 53

Upwind

P427

Front 54

Decontamination site must be away from the hazard, but ____ to the hot zone, so that persons exiting the hot zone can proceed directly into the decontamination corridor.

Back 54

Adjacent

P428

Front 55

Ideally, the decontamination site is flat or slopes toward the ___ zone, thus, anything that may accidentally get released in the decontamination corridor would drain toward or into the contaminated Hot zone.

Back 55

Hot zone

P428

Front 56

Tarps, plastic sheeting, or salvage covers, should be used as ___, even when the Decon corridor is set up on hard surfaces, such as concrete or asphalt.

Back 56

Flooring

P428

Front 57

Responders should establish decontamination corridor before performing any work in the ___ zone.

Back 57

Hot zone

P429

Front 58

Task same-_____ responders to assist, whenever possible, when decontaminating/disrobing people.

Back 58

Gender

P429

Front 59

All bags that contain contaminated clothing should remain in the ___ zone on the dirty side of the Decon line.

Back 59

Warm

P429

Front 60

When evidence passes through the Decon corridor, document ___ of custody, per AHJ procedures.

Back 60

Chain of custody

P430

Front 61

The decontamination corridor maybe identified with barrier ___, safety cones, or other items that are visually recognizable.

Back 61

Tape

P430

Front 62

Containment basins can be constructed of salvage covers and fire hose or ___. Some organizations use wading pools or portable drafting tanks as containment ____.

Back 62

Ladders

Basins

P430

Front 63

Use barrier tape, safety cones, or similar indicator to mark ____ Corridors.

Back 63

Decon

P430

Front 64

In some cases, technical Decon may be as simple as washing one’s hands and face with soap, and ____.

Back 64

Water

P431

Front 65

Technical Decon should have an area for ___-ambulatory decontamination.

Non-ambulatory people are civilians or responders, who are unconscious unresponsive, or unable to move unassisted.

Back 65

Non-ambulatory

P431

Front 66

Technical Decon is a more detailed process, then mass Decon for those who are __ ambulatory.

Back 66

Non-ambulatory

P431