Hazmat 6Th Ed Chapter 1

Front 1

When particularly dangerous, hazardous materials are used as weapons, they are sometimes referred to as weapons of __ destruction. (WMD)

Back 1

Weapons of mass destruction

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Front 2

A ___ is any weapon or device that is intended or has the capability to cause death or serious bodily injury to a significant number of people through the release, dissemination, or impact of toxic or poisonous chemicals, or their precursors, a disease, organism, or radiation for radioactivity.

Back 2

WMD

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Front 3

A _____ incident is an emergency involving a substance that poses and unreasonable risk to people, the environment, and or property.

Back 3

Hazmat incident

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Front 4

As of 2018, approximately 2,700,000 miles of pipeline exists in the US. With a 2 to 3% increase per year. Those miles of pipeline are divided into three categories:

Hazardous liquid : 215,625 miles

Gas distribution : 2,223,106 miles

Natural gas transmission and gathering systems- 318,787 miles

Back 4

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Front 5

In 2018, according to the pipeline and hazardous materials, safety administration (PHMSA) data, 649 pipeline incidents resulted in 19 fatalities and 35 injuries, compared to 17,743 incidents involving hazardous materials that resulted in three fatalities, and 117 injuries.

Back 5

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Front 6

The most common hazmat incidents involve:

-Flammable ___

-flammable and combustible ___

-____ (acids, and or bases)

- _____ ammonia

-Chlorine

Back 6

Flammable gases

Flammable and combustible liquids

Corrosives

Anhydrous ammonia

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Front 7

The _____ (cause) of harm, refers to the method by which damage to the body happens.

______-__ is a hazard acronym that represents the potential hazards at an incident response.

Back 7

Mechanism

TRACEM-P

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Front 8

TRACEM-P stands for

thermal, radiological, asphyxiating, chemical, etiological/biological, mechanical and psychological causes of harm.

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Front 9

Understanding injury _____ is a key component of preventing injuries at a hazmat incident.

Back 9

Mechanisms

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Front 10

7 mechanisms of harm

TRACEM-P

Back 10

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Front 11

_____

Exposure to extremes in temperature (heat and cold)

Heat from fires or chemical reactions

Extreme cold from liquefied gases and cryogenic liquids

Back 11

Thermal

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Front 12

_____

Exposure to materials, which spontaneously emit ionizing radiation

Back 12

Radiological

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Front 13

_____

Simple: oxygen deficient atmosphere; can be caused by displacement of ambient oxygen.

Chemical: many toxic substances, such as carbon monoxide, that cause pathological changes within the body by preventing the proper use of oxygen.

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Asphyxiating

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Front 14

____

Negative effects from exposure to chemicals or toxic materials include : poisoning from pesticides and biological toxins, respiratory system, injury from inhalation, hazard, and corrosive damage from contact with acids and alkaline materials.

Back 14

Chemical

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Front 15

______ / _____

Injury or harm caused by human pathogens (disease causing agents)

Bacteria and viruses

Poisonous plants and animals

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Etiological/biological

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Front 16

____

Physical hazards from flying debris from explosions

Trips and falls on uneven ground

Excessive noise conditions resulting in loss of hearing

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Mechanical

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Front 17

______

Mental harm caused by fear of the unknown, and or witnessing a violent event .

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Psychological

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Front 18

____ -breathing in hazardous materials through your nose or mouth.

When a hazardous material presents, and inhalation threat, ___ protection is required.

_____ is the most common exposure route.

Back 18

Inhalation

Respiratory

Inhalation

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Front 19

___ eating or swallowing hazardous materials through your mouth.

Hand ___ is important to prevent accidental ingestion of hazardous materials.

Back 19

Ingestion

Washing

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Front 20

____ process of taking in materials through your skin or eyes.

Back 20

Absorption

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Front 21

_____ -process of taking in materials through a puncture of your skin. Protection from injection must be a consideration when dealing with any sort of contaminated (or potentially contaminated) objects, easily capable of cutting or puncturing your skin.

Back 21

Injection

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Front 22

The terms, contamination and exposure, are sometimes used interchangeably, but the underlying concepts are very different. _____ is the transfer of a hazardous material to persons, equipment, and the environment in greater than acceptable quantities.

______ means that a hazardous material has entered, or potentially entered your body via the routes of entry, for example, by swallowing, breathing, or contacting skin or mucus membranes.

Back 22

Contamination

Exposure

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Front 23

____ contamination happens when a hazardous solid, liquid, or gaseous vapor physically remains on equipment, persons and the environment.

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Physical

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Front 24

Cross contamination also known as _____ contamination occurs when contaminants are moved from one location to another.

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Secondary contamination

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Front 25

Exposures ti hazardous materials may be ____ (single exposure or several repeated exposures to a substance within a short time period) or ____ (long term reoccurring).

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Acute

Chronic

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Front 26

___ health effects

Are short term effects that appear within hours or days, such as vomiting or diarrhea.

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Acute health effects

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Front 27

____ health effects

Are long-term effects that may take years to appear, such as cancer.

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Chronic

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Front 28

I’m some cases, it may take many years for a chemical, agent, or substance to cause a disease such as cancer. Because if this delay (____ period), it can be difficult to establish a direct chain of cause and effect between an exposure to a particular substance and the resulting disease.

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Latency period

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Front 29

In the US, the National _____ program prepares a report on carcinogens. This is a congressional mandated, science based, public health document that is prepared for the US department of health and human services.

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Toxicology

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Front 30

Research indicates that ___ percent of firefighters will develop cancer, compared to about 22% of the general population

Back 30

68%

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Front 31

From a 2017 report by the assistance to firefighters Grant (AFG) and CDC/NIOSH, research has shown that fire scene, decontamination with soap and water can reduced most carcinogens by ___ percent.

Back 31

85

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Front 32

One recommended method of preliminary exposure, reduction, or field expedient decontamination is using ____ after doffing structural firefighting, protective clothing.

Back 32

Wipes

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Front 33

___ personnel are typically at the incident when it occurs.

Back 33

Awareness level personnel

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Front 34

First responder ____ level- operations first responders are dispatched to the scene in order to protect the nearby area, persons, and property.

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Operations level

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Front 35

First responder with ____ mission specific level training-

First responders with operations, mission/specific level training, perform additional defensive tactics, and limited ____ actions.

Back 35

Operations

Offensive

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Front 36

The initial hazardous materials training levels identified in NFPA ___ are awareness, operations, and mission – specific.

Back 36

NFPA 470

Front 37

Personnel who are trained and certified to the _____ level are individuals who, in the course of their normal duties, maybe the first to arrive at or witness a hazmat incident.

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Awareness

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Front 38

First responders implement

___-__, a risk – based response, model, when responding to an incident.

Back 38

APIE-T

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Front 39

First responders use a ___-based response, model, known as APIE-T, which stands for

____

___

___

___

___

Back 39

Risk based

Analyze, plan, implement, evaluate, and termination.

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Front 40

Awareness level personnel must always exercise situational _____.

Back 40

Awareness

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Front 41

When _____ personnel, discover a hazmat incident, they should initiate protective actions by isolating the hazardous area, denying entry to the area, and notifying for assistance.

Back 41

Awareness

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Front 42

Responders trained, and certified to the ____ level are individuals who respond to hazmat releases (or potential releases) as part of their normal duties.

______ first responders are expected to respond, defensively to protect individuals, the environment, and property from the effects of the release.

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Operations

Operations

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Front 43

____ first responders are expected to analyze the surrounding conditions and determine the location and amount of any release.

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Operations

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Front 44

___ first responders must be able to identify response options for hazmat incident.

In order to protect themselves, ___ first responders must be aware of safety precautions, The suitability of personal protective equipment available and decontamination needs.

Back 44

Operations

Operations

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Front 45

In addition to the response, options, operations first responders are expected to establish the _____ _____ _____, established in control, and implement protective actions, such as evacuation.

Back 45

Incident management system (IMS)

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Front 46

Operations first responders are expected to evaluate the ____ of their assigned tasks.

Operations first responders may be assigned a responsibility to Terminate the incident, and will participate in termination ____.

Back 46

Progress

Briefings

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Front 47

Operations level first responders may be trained and certified to perform mission – specific tasks, such as using specialized protective equipment, or performing technical _____.

Back 47

Decontamination

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Front 48

Hazardous materials ____- performs offensive tasks, including controlling releases at hazmat incidence, and may supervise the activities of first responders, performing operations mission – specific tasks.

Back 48

Hazardous materials, technician

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Front 49

Hazardous material technician with _____- provides additional expertise in areas, such as radiation, monitoring, and detection, equipment or certain container types.

Back 49

Hazardous materials technician with specialty

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Front 50

Hazardous materials incident ____- manages the incident by making command decisions to utilize resources and determine strategies and tactics to mitigate the emergency.

Back 50

Hazardous materials, incident commander

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Front 51

Hazardous materials ____ - manages the hazmat personnel and operations under the direction of the incident commander.

Back 51

Hazardous materials officer

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Front 52

Hazardous materials ____ officer- ensures that recognized safe practices are followed at hazmat incidents.

Back 52

Hazardous materials safety officer

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Front 53

_____ -provide expertise in specialized areas, such as chemicals, processes, containers, and a special operations, typically in an advisory capacity.

Back 53

Specialist

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Front 54

A ___ is a statute written by a legislative body.

A ___ is a specific statement of what is to be done, not necessarily how it will be accomplished.

Back 54

Law

Law

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Front 55

Individual laws (also called __), are arranged by subject in the United States ____.

Back 55

Act

Code

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Front 56

____ are rules made by executive departments and agencies, and are arranged by subject in the ___ of federal regulations.

Back 56

Regulation

Code of federal regulations

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Front 57

A ____ is a document detailing procedures for implementing, complying with, and enforcing a law.

_____ provide how compliance is achieved; essentially the “ rules of the game”.

Back 57

Regulation

Regulations

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Front 58

____ are any systematically grouped laws, regulations or standards.

____ are usually set forth and enforced by a government agency for the protection of public safety (health, and/or safety coach, building codes, fire codes, etc.)

Back 58

Codes

Codes

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Front 59

The _____ __ ____ ____ (CFR) is divided into 50 titles which cover broad areas, subject to federal regulation.

Back 59

Code of federal regulations (CFR)

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Front 60

In the US, the main agencies involved in the regulation of hazmat and/or wastes at the federal level are;

US Department of ___ (DOL)

US department of ___ (DOT)

US environmental protection ___ (EPA)

US ____ regulatory commission (NRC)

Back 60

Department of labor

Department of transportation

US environmental protection agency

US nuclear regulatory commission

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Front 61

____ ___ and ____ Act.

Created OSHA and NIOSH. First federal law to regulate workplaces.

Back 61

Occupational safety and health act.

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Front 62

Hazardous materials ____ act. (HMTA) -improved the uniformity of existing regulations for transporting hazardous materials to prevent spills and illegal dumping.

Back 62

Hazardous materials, transportation act

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Front 63

____ are voluntary and applied at the national, state, regional, and even international levels. Standards are developed by committees with a range of interested parties. ____ standards are discussed and agreed upon by impacted industries, such as the NFPA and American national standards institute (ANSI).

Back 63

Standards

Consensus standards

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Front 64

____ standards are developed by private experts within certain fields, industries or associations.

Proprietary and consensus standards are normally not enforceable by OSHA, unless they are specifically incorporated by reference any applicable ___.

Back 64

Proprietary

CFR

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Front 65

_____ is an independent organization formed by standards, writers, and users that manage the voluntary standards system in the US. They approve standards as American national standards, but do not directly develop the standards.

Back 65

ANSI

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Front 66

____ oversees the standards and conformity assessment system.

All ANSI standards are ____, but standards are often adopted by agencies with enforcement authority.

Back 66

ANSI

voluntary

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Front 67

NFPA ___, hazardous materials/weapons of mass destruction (WMD) standard for responders applies to personnel who respond to hazmat incidents.

Back 67

NFPA 470

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Front 68

The ____ safety, and health act of 1970 established the national Institute for occupational safety and health (NIOSH) as a research agency focused on the study of worker, safety, and health.

Back 68

NIOSH

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Front 69

____ falls under the US centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) in the department of health and human services (DHHS), and has the mandate to ensure “ safe and helpful, working conditions for working men and women by providing research, information, education, and training in the field of occupational safety and health.”

Back 69

NIOSH

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Front 70

____ is focused on conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work – related injury, and illness.

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NIOSH

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Front 71

The United States OSHA an EPA require that responders to hazmat incidence meet specific training standards. The OSHA version of the legislative mandates are outlined in paragraph (q) of Title 29 CFR 1910.120, ______.

Back 71

Hazwoper

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Front 72

If you are a first responder to hazmat incident in the US, by law, your employer, must meet the requirements, set forth in the _____ regulation (29 CFR 1910.120 and 40 CFR __).

Back 72

HAZWOPER

311

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Front 73

Representatives from individual states may coordinate with the state emergency response commissions (SERC) in the case of an emergency too ____ for a local community to handle.

Back 73

Expensive

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Front 74

_____ emergency planning committee’s (LEPCs), are responsible for developing an emergency plan for the disasters involving hazardous substances.

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Local emergency planning committee’s

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Front 75

An ____ ____ ____ (EOC) is designed to support, emergency response, business, continuity, and crisis, communications activities.

Back 75

Emergency operation center (EOC)

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