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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
transformation
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change in form, appearance, nature, or character
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concrete (concrete operations)
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ages 7-11; logical problem solving only using hands-on materials; thinking in more than one direction (reversibility); understanding concepts of conservation and classification
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Social Development Theory
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social interaction precedes development; consciousness and cognition are the end product of socialization and social behavior
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sensor motor (sensorimotor)
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ages 0-2; using senses and actions to understand the world; beginning to use imitation, memory, and thought; representing reality in the mind
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preoperational
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ages 2-7; using representations rather than motor actions; ability to think through logically in one direction; thinking dominated by egocentrism
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formal operation
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ages 11-adult; understanding highly abstract concepts; logical reasoning and scientific thinking; developing concerns about identity and social issues
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cent ration (centration)
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tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation and neglect others
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irreversibility
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(Piaget's terminology), a limitation on preoperational thought, consisting of failure to understand that an operation can go in two or more directions
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accommodation
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learning by changing existing knowledge structures
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acculturation
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blending a native culture with a new culture, keeping elements of both
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adolescence
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a transitional period of physical and psychological development beginning around 11 to 13 years, extending through the teenage years
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affective domain
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feelings, emotions, values, and attitudes
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assimilation
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learning by adding new knowledge to existing knowledge
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biracial or multiracial
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having ancestors from two or more racial groups
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cognitive domain
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memory, reasoning, and thinking abilities
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constructivism
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learner-centered approach to teaching; students construct knowledge for themselves
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cultural pluralism
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a system in which many different cultural groups are valued and share power
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culture
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a way of life shared by members of a certain group, including values, beliefs, and attitudes
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development
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changes taking place as one grows
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developmentally appropriate or age appropriate
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considering the age and stage of growth of the child in providing and planning learning experiences
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diversity
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variety of different groups within the same setting
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egocentric
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self-centeredness, especially in very young children
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ethnic group or ethnicity
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a social group defined on the basis of its religious, national, or cultural characteristics
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ethnocentrism
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believing one's culture is better than other cultures
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field-dependent
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perceiving as a whole and prefering to learn with others
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field-independent
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perceiving in parts and prefering to learn alone
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guided practice
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practicing under the direction of the teacher
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higher level thinking skills
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the ability to use basic knowledge in analyzing, evaluating, or manipulating information
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interdisciplinary unit
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many subject areas are included under one topic or theme (also called thematic units or an integrated approach)
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kinesthetic (tactile) learners
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students who learn best by movement
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KWL
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Stands for "What I Know, What I Want to know, and What I Learned." Used as an instructional activity to establish student knowledge before and after introducing a lesson or unit.
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maturation or development
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the process of growing and changing
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melting pot theory
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the theory that cultures should blend into the main culture, losing unique characteristics
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metacognition
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ability to monitor and think about one's own thinking, learning, and remembering
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modeling
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the teacher or student demonstrates processes, skills, or behaviors for learning
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prejudice
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positive/negative mindset for a group of people
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psychomotor domain
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physical activities or skills
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salad bowl theory
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the theory that cultures mix but retain uniqueness
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scaffolding
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support for learning and problem solving that is withdrawn as competence improves
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schema (schemata)
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mental structure(s) for organizing concepts and relationships
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self-actualization
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reaching one's fullest potential
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self-concept
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one's perception of self (neither good nor bad)
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self-efficacy
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self-confidence that one can succeed (good)
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self-esteem
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feelings about oneself (can be good or bad)
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stereotype
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assumption about certain types of people
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tactile learners
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students who learn best by touch
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zone of proximal development
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difference between what a student can do alone and with help from a peer or adult (Vygotsky)
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proximodistal
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physical development from the center of the body outward
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