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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the determinants of happiness? |
Affective forecasting Genetic set-point Circumstances Construal Activities/behaviour |
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Definition of happiness/Subject well-being |
The sense that one's life is good, meaningful and worthwhile |
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Benefits of happiness |
More productive at work More creative Make more money Superior jobs Better leadership More likely to marry and have a fulfilling marriage Have more friends and social support Stronger immune system More helpful and philanthropic Cope better with stress and trauma |
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Affective forecasting |
Predictions about what makes us happy But not necessarily accurate: sources of error: focalism, emotional innumeracy, hedonic adaptation, immune neglect, inaccurate theories about what makes us happy, overestimation |
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Genetic set-point |
22-50% Happiness as a life long trait Related to serotonin gene Born with a genetically-determined set-point for happines |
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Circumstances |
8-15% eg: income, living conditions, parenthood, autonomy, competence and belonging |
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Impact of income on happiness |
Positive correlation with happiness as it gives: power, high self-esteem, healthcare access, comfort, life satisfaction, time for things But poor societies are relatively happy Materialism can be toxic to happiness Social comparison standards adjust as income adjusts |
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Impact of neighbourhood change and segregation/integration on happiness |
Moving from: Higher to lower poverty: long-term improvement in health and happiness. Why: less stress, safer, racial segregation does not affect, more short-term thinking: happiness in the moment |
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Impact of parenthood on happiness |
Generally higher subjective well-being, because of caring for children and carrying out related activities |
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Impact of construal on happiness |
Chronically happy people tend to think about life and events in a way that enhances and maintains happiness (vice versa) eg: remembering and interpreting happy events more |
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Impact of social comparison processes on happiness |
Happy people: - less sensitive to social comparison info - view peer's exceptional performance as in an indicative of own future prospects |
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Impact of self-reflection on happiness |
Happy people: - less inclined to self-reflect Unhappy people: - more likely to dwell on ambiguous, uncertain and negative events - have fewer cognitive resources |
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Broaden and build theory (Fredrickson 1998) |
Positive emotions broaden people's through-action repertoires, encouraging them to discover new/novel patterns of thought and action |
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Behaviours that increase happiness (positive activity interventions PAIs) |
Nurture and enjoy relationships Expressing gratitude Helping others Optimism about future Savour pleasures in present Habit of physical activity Spiritual and religious practices Commitment to meaningful goals Behave like a happy person Random acts of kindness |
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Moderators of positive activity interventions (PAIs) |
- Lack of variety: leads to hedonic adaptation - Dosage: too much is bad, less is often more - Motivation: self reflection of PAIs leads to more happiness - Placebos: belief in PAIs increases well-being - Effort: more effortful PAIs increases well-being |
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Hedonic Adaptation (Brickman and Campbell 1972) |
The observed tendency of humans to quickly return to a steady level of happiness despite major positive or negative events or life changes. |
