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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
fingers
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carpometacarpal (CMC) joints
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nonaxial joints which allow linear movements
(5th CMC joint is most mobile; 2nd CMC joint is least mobile) |
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metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints
"knuckles" |
biaxial, condyloid joints that allow flexion & extension and abduction & adduction (the middle finger is the point of reference, it only abducts)
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proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints
distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints |
uniaxial, hinge joints that allow flexion & extension
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thumb (pollicis) CMC joint
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formed by the articulation of the trapezium & the 1st metacarpal (saddle-shaped)
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thumb (pollicis) MCP joint
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thumb (pollicis) IP joint
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osteokinematics: fingers
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osteokinematics: the thumb
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osteokinematics: CMC joint of the thumb
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close-packed: finger MCP
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full flexion
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close-packed: finger IP
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full extension
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open-packed: finger MCP
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slight flexion
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open-packed: finger IP
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slight flexion
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capsular pattern: finger MCP & IP joints
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equal limitation of flexion & extension
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capsular pattern: thumb CMC joint
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limitation of abduction
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capsular pattern: thumb MCP joint
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limitation of flexion & then extension
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capsular pattern: thumb IP joint
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equal limitation of flexion & extension
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arthrokinematics: fingers
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the CONCAVE surfaces of the finger proximal, middle, & distal phlanges glide/slide in the SAME direction as the diaphysis of the bones
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arthrokinematics: thumb
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the CONCAVE surfaces of the thumb proximal & distal phalanx glides/slides in the SAME direction as the diaphysis of the bone
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arthrokinematics: CMC joint of the thumb during flexion & extension
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the CONCAVE surface of the 1st metacarpal glides/slides in the SAME direction as the diaphysis of the bone
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arthrokinematics: CMC joints of the thumb during abduction & adduction
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the CONVEX surface of the 1st metacarpal glides/slides in the OPPOSITE direction as the diaphysis of the bone
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base of the metacarpals & phalanges
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proximal end
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head of the metacarpals & phalanges
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distal end
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flexor retinaculum ligament
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superficial to palmar radiocarpal ligament
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palmar carpal ligament
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holds the flexor tendons close to the wrist
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extensor retinaculum ligament
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holds the extensor tendons close to the wrist
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extensor expansion ligament (extensor hood)
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arches
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anatomical snuffbox
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APL & EPB forms the anterior border, & the EPL forms the posterior border
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thenar eminence
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the mass on the lateral/palmar side of the palm
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hypothenar eminence
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the mass on the medial/ulnar side of the palm
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radial nerve
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innervates muscles on the posterior surface of the hand
(ED, EI, EDM, EPL, EPB, APL) |
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median nerve
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innervates muscles on the anterior, radial side of the hand
(FDS, FDP, FPL, FPB, APB, OP, 1st & 2nd lumbricales) |
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ulnar nerve
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innervates muscles on the anterior, ulnar side of the hand
(FDP, AP, FDM, ADM, ODM, interossei, 3rd & 4th lumbricales) |
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hand function
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sensation is extremely important to hand function
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functional position of the hand
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optimal position of the wrist & hand for the hand to be most effective in terms of strength & preision
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power grip: cylindrical
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occurs when all the fingers are flexed around the object, which usually lies at a right angle to the forearm
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power grip: spherical
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occurs when the fingers are more spread apart
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power grip: hook
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occurs when the 2nd-5th digits are flexed around an object in a hook-like manner
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precision grips
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provide more find movement & accuracy
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tip
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the most distal end of the finger
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pad (pulp)
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the anterior, distal end of the finger
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precision grip: pad-to-pad
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occurs when the pads of the fingers & thumb are brought together
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precision grip: pinch
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involves the thumb & one finger
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precision grip: three-jaw chuck
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involves the thumb & two fingers
(most common precision grip) |
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precision grip: tip-to-tip (pincer)
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occurs when the tip of the thumb presses against the tip of another
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precision grip: pad-to-side (lateral prehension)
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occurs when the pad of the thumb presses against the radial side of the index finger
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precision grip: side-to-side
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requires adduction of two fingers
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precision grip: lumbrical (plate)
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occurs when the thumb opposes the fingers when holding an object in the horizontal position
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