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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
gram stain of haemophilus
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pleomorphic gnb
many shapes/sizes |
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oxidase of haemophilus
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variable; not useful to id it
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2 growth requirements of haemophilus
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X factor - hemin; hemoglobin.
V factor - NAD take advantage of these in a Porphryin test to id the bug |
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types of media grow haemophil on:
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-Choc/horse/rabbit BA
NOT ON SHEEPS! CAUSES SATELLITISM |
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Why can't you use sheeps ba?
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produces NADase
s. aureus produce NAD; the reaction causes haemophilus to spread out and it's difficult to isolate then. |
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how can you differentiate species of haemophil?
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-different types of hemolysis
-different growth requirements (only X, only V, both..) |
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type of differential plate for species of haemophil:
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QUAD plate
-X -V -X and V -Horse BA |
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where is haemophilus normally found
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throat in sm amounts
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virulence factors of haemophilus flue
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endotoxin
capsule pili |
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What are three infection types caused by H. influenzae?
What are the four resp tract infections? |
1. Respiratory
2. Meningitis 3. Conjunctivitis Respiratory tract infections: Sinusitis, Otitis media, Pneumonia, Epiglottitis (acute). SOPE |
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What are 2 infections caused by haemophilus species (not just plain influenzae)?
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Meningitis: caused by H. influenzae B in kids <2yrs.
Conjunctivitis: pink eye caused by H. aegyptius. |
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how do you treat haemophilus, and what test should you do first?
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beta-lactamase
+ = give cloramphenicol if its warrented (by a systemic infection) - = give ampicillin |
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what can you prevent haemophilus flue with?
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hib vaccine for infants under 2
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where are the # other Haemophilus species found normally, and what do they cause in who?
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7 species; these are VERY COMMON in the oral cavity.
May cause disease in immunodef patients -bacteremia, SBE, occasionally pneumonia |
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What causes Chancroid?
What symptoms are seen in this? What is distinct on the gram stain of this species? |
-Haemophilus ducreyi
-Inguinal lymphadenopathy Gram stain = RRtrax of gnb's. |
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What is chancroid?
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An STD w/ genital lesions softer than those in syphilus.
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GRAM stain of bordetella
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gnCOCCObacilli
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what does bordatella pertussis cause?
specimen of choice? |
whooping cough
nasopharyngeal swab |
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3 types of media to grow bordatella on
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-Regan Lowe (transport)
-Bordet Gengou (mercury droplet colony morphology) -Charcoal Agar w/ 10% horse blood + cephalexin |
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Environmental conditions necessary for growing Bordatella pertussis:
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72 hrs in increased CO2; its fastidious
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2 methods of identification of B. pertussis:
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1. On specimen: Direct Flourescent Antibody
2. On growth: -Floures. Antibody -Latex agglutination |
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What is DFA, on what bug is it useful for identification?
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Direct Flourescent Antibody testing on bordatella pertussis;
-label Ab w/ flourescent tag -complex to antigen -Look for flouresc. w/ microscope |
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whooping cough aka
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pertussis
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How is whooping cough transmitted?
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through droplets or direct contact
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3 stages of pertussis
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-catarrhal
-paroxysmal -convalescent |
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What does the Catarrhal stage consist of?
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2 wks of typical cold symptoms.
-The Most contagious stage. |
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Paroxysmal stage
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2nd Pertussis stage;
-Lasts 2 weeks; -Intensified cold symptoms; -More serious/distinct WHOOPING/gasping cough |
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Convalescence Stage
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3rd Pertussis stage;
Lasts 2 more weeks; A Gradual relenting of symptoms/coughing. |
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What antibiotic is used to treat Pertussis?
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Erythromycin
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How can pertussis be prevented?
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With the DPT (diptheroid, pertussis, bla)
only in people younger than 7 |
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What infection is caused by Bordatella parapertussis?
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Resp inf milder than whooping cough; no vaccine, usually just thought to be a cold
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How does culturing Bordatella bronchiseptica compare to the other bordatella species?
What test can rapidly id it? What 3 diseases does it causes? |
Nonfastidious, this bug grows well on BA and MAC.
Urea test -> rapidly positive! resp tract/wound infections/pneumoniae |
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things we can know about VIBRIO (all three) in general:
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oxidase positive
gnb CURVED like a COMMA like warm seawater |
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XV requirements, hemolysis of H. influenzae:
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X and V
gamma |
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XV requirements, hemolysis of H. hemolyticus:
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X and V
Beta |
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XV requirements, hemolysis of H. parahemolyticus:
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V only
Beta |
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XV requirements, hemolysis of H. parainfluenzae:
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V only
Gamma Lac-, Man+ |
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XV requirements, hemolysis of H. paraphrophilus:
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V only
gamma Lac + |
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XV requirements, hemolysis of H. segnis
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V only
gamma Mannose neg - |
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XV requirements, hemolysis of Haemophilus aphrophilus
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X only
gamma |
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XV requirements, hemolysis of Haemphilus ducreyi
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X only
Gamma or Beta |