Haemophilus Spp. And Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

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genera of PASTEURELLACEAE

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Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Pasteurella, and Aggregatibacter

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Gram (-), pleomorphic, coccoid to rod-shaped cells

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PASTEURELLACEAE

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Reside in human oral mucosa; causes endocarditis

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HACEK

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HACEK group

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- Haemophilus - Aggregatibacter - Cardiobacterium - Eikenella - Kingella

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HAEMOPHILUS SPP. Derived from Greek word meaning,

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“blood-lover”

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requirement for HAEMOPHILUS SPP.

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X and V factor

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X factor is for

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unknown

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V factor is for

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vitamin

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X factor

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hemanin or hematin hemoglobin

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V factor

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nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADI

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in Bap V factor dependent

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haemophilus spp. growth -

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In BAP of haemophilus RBC are stoll intact and contains what

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NADase

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Phenomenon without helps in the recognition of Haemophilus spp. that require V factor

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Satellitism

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organism that occurs sateliitism and produce V factor

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Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Neisseria spp.

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source of V factor

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organism

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source of X factor

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BAP

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Haemophilus influenzae other name

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(Pfieffer’s bacillus)

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haemophilus influenzae virulence factor

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1. capsule

2. immunoglobulin A. proteases

3. adherence mechanism

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Only genus that produces IgA protease

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H. influenzae

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H. aegyptius commonly referred as

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pink eye or sore eyes

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Haemophilus aegyptius other name

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Koch-Weeks bacillus

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haemophilus that is Acute conjunctivitis

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Haemophilus aegyptius

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Haemophilus that is Conjunctivitis in pediatric patients

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Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius

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Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius Cause systemic disease known as

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Brazillian purpuric fever (BPF)

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Strict human pathogen and smallest pathogenic bacteria

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Haemophilus ducreyi •

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causative agent of chacroid

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Haemophilus ducreyi ( GUD)

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chancroid commonly referred to as

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soft chancre

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Endocarditis • Mitral valve as primary site of infection

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Haemophilus parainfluenzae

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Lower RT

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bronchial washing

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DIRECT MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION • Haemophilus influenzae

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intracellular and extracellular gram-negative coccobacilli

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CULTURE • Haemophilus influenzae

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10% CO2 at 18-24 hrs of incubation - With 300 ml/L bacitracin

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culture of Haemophilus ducreyi and Haemophilus aegyptius

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CAP with 1% IsoVitaleX or Vitox [source of X and V factor]

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Haemophilus ducreyi (grows best at

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33°C

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MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION • Haemophilus influenzae

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CAP: translucent, tannish, moist colonies with a distinct “mousy” or bleach-like odor - Do not grow on MAC

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MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION Haemophilus parainfluenzae

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CAP: tannish and drier with a medium to large size compared with Haemophilus influenzae

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MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION of

Haemophilus haemolyticus & Haemophilis parahaemolyticus

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BAP: -hemolytic

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MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION Haemophilus ducreyi

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CAP: small, flat, smooth, nonmucoid, transparent to opaque colonies - Colonies can be pushed intact using a loop and difficult to pick up - Produce a “clumpy

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Pale staining gram-negative coccobacilli arranged singly or in groups

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Haemophilus ducreyi

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Haemophilus ducreyi commonly reffered to

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“school of fish” or “railroad tacks” or “fingerprints”

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Alternative method for differentiating the heme- producing species of Haemophilus

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PORPHYRIN TEST

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Based on the ability of the organism to convert the substrate -aminolevulinic acid (ALA) into porphyrins or porphobilinogen

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PORPHYRIN TEST

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reagent of PORPHYRIN TEST

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p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (Kovacs’ reagent)

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PORPHYRIN TEST result

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• Result: - Red color in lower aqueous phase (presence of phosphobilinogen) - Reddish orange fluorescence in UVL detection at 360 nm (presence of pophyrins) - Positive (+): organisms that do not require X factor

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HACEK GROUP

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• Haemophilus spp. • Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Actinobacillus actinomycertemcomitans) • Cardiobacterium hominis [capnophilic] • Eikenella corrodens • Kingella spp. - ACEK [dysgonic – slow growers]

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Aggregatibacter aphrophilus • Greek aphros and philia:

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foam loving or desiring high concentration of CO2

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Dental plaque and gingival scrapings

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Aggregatibacter aphrophilus

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Aggregatibacter aphrophilus previously known as

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Haemophilus aphrophilus and Haemophilus paraphrophilus

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Aggregatibacter aphrophilus utilize what

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glucose, maltose, sucrose, and lactose

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in the center of the colonies after 48 hours of incubation when cultured in BAP

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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

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Mediterranean fever

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B. melitensis

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Bang’s bacillus

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B. abortus

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general flu-like symptoms

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Catarrhal Phase:

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repetitive coughing episodes followed by the characteristic “whoop” at the end of the coughing spel

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Paroxysmal Phase:

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recovery period

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Convalescent phase

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Agent of shipping fever in cattles

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Pasteurella spp.

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Capsule, non-motile, bipolar stain “safety pin”

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Pasteurella multocida

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“clenched fist wounds” or after the skin has been broken by human teeth

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Eikenella corrodens

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legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac fever

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Legionella pneumophila

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Pittsburgh pneumonia

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Legionella micdadei:

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Wiga’s agent of pneumonia

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