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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Antimicrobial agents
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agents that kill microbes or inhibit their growth.
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Sterilization
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removal or destruction of all forms of microbial life
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commercial sterilization
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exsposure to sufficient heat to kill spores of Clostridium botulinum
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santitization
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reduction of microbes presents to a safe levels
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microbicidal agents:
bactericidal agents |
kills bacteria
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fungicidal agents
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kills fungi
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virucidal
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kills viruses
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microbistatic agents
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effect is temporary and growth resumes when agent or microbes are removed
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disinfection
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destruction of vegetative pathogen present
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Asepsis
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absence of microbes from an area
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fungicidal agents
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kills fungi
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virucidal
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kills viruses
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identify three different approaches in controlling the growth of microbes.
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1.to prevent spoilage of food.
2.to prevent microbes from causing disease. 3.to prevent microbial contamination and undesirable alteration of materials. |
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list the following according to their resistance to antimicrobial agents.1.envelope viruses 2.naked viruses 3.endospores 4.typical vegetative bacteria 5.mycobacteria 6.prions
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prions-endospores-mycobacteria-vegetative bacteria-naked viruses-envelope viruses
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what is the ideal concentration of an antibacterial agent?
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least amount of concentration it takes to kill the microbes
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explain how the following affect the action of chemical agents a. washing and scrubing
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reduces # of microbes especially with foam disinfectant after you wash your hands
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b. heat
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is microbicidal: it increases activity
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c.organic matter
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combines with some agents reducing activity
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list two physical methods of control that are microbastatic
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cold and desiccation (drying)
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identify three targets of physical and chemical agents
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1.plasma membrane: 2.cell proteins:(enzymes are particularly sensitive)3.nucleic acids: (result in disrupted function and death).
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compare the action and exposure of steam heat and dry heat.
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1.steam heat is high temp. high presure. dry heat is high temp. longer exposure.
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describe the typical conditions for sterilization using the steam autoclave.
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uses pressurized steam for sterilization typical conditions are 15 psi. (steam presure), 121 degrees C for 15 minutes.
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define the following terms
1.pasturizations. |
using high temp. to kill all pathogens in foods. A disinfectant process.
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2. equilevant treatment
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methods using different exposure or dosages and getting the same results
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3. thermal death time
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minimal time required to kill all pathogens in liquid suspention at a given temp.
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4. decimal reduction time
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time required to kill 90% of bacteria at a given temp.
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5. ionizing radiation
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x-rays, gamma rays, and high energy e-
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6. filtration
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a porous barrier used to remove microbes from liquid
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7. desiccation
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removal of H2O is microbistatic
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membrane filters
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used to remove bacteria and viruses from fluids can sterilize heat-sensitive fluids.
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HEPA filters
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cleans the air used in OR's or homes.
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lyophilization
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dried microbes used for storing
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Describe three pasturazation techniques
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1. Classic method= 63 degrees C for 30 minutes. 2.(HTST)(high temp. short time 72 degee C for 15 seconds 3. ultra-high temp. 140degree C for less than a second.
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discribe how high pressure kills microbes and how it is used to control their growth.
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high presure will alter proteins by denaturing and kills microbes when in conjuction with heat example: autoclave
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identify the groups of germicides to which the following belong, the action and use of each. 1)ethyl alcohol:
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group:Alcohol action:denature proteins use:solvant: disinfect instruments and degerming skin.
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2)hexachlorophene
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group:phenolics action: denature proteins and damage membrane use:standard for new agents. use:(bisphenol) effective antibacteria in phisohex (only in prescription)
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3)lysol
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group:phenolics action:denatures proteins and damages membrane. use:disinfectant of surfaces.
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4)tincure of iodine
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group:Halogen action:altered proteins, except slower. use;antiseptic used, but not much anymore because too iritating.
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5)betadine
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group:Halogen (iodophor) action:alter proteins use:antiseptic for skin and less iritating.
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6)chlorine gas
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group= Chlorines: these fall under Halogens: action=alter proteins use=used to disinfect water supplies
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7)chloroseptic
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group= Phenolics action= denatures proteins use= throat spray,and anticeptic for surgery
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8)hypochlorites
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group=Halogens action= alter proteins use=disinfect restrant equipment and swimming pools.
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9)clorox
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group=Halogens action=alter proteins use=kills HIV and HBV
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10)silver nitrate
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group=Heavy Metals action=alters proteins at intermediate level use=AgNo3 was used in babies eyes at birth but was replaced with antibiotic salve that inhibits Chlamydia
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11)copper sulfate
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group=Heavy metals action= alters proteins use=copper sulfate is algicidal
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12)zinc oxide
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group=Heavy Metals action=alters proteins use= zinc oxide used as antifungal agent in paints
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13)ceepryn
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group=QUATS QUATS is a low-level antibacteria more effective against gram + bacteria action= damage surface membranes use=antibacterial in mouth wash and contact solutions example:CEEPRYN in cepacol mouthwash.
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14)triclosan
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group=Phenol action=denatures proteins and damages membranes use= antibacterial agent in soaps
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15)formalin
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group=Formaldihyde that falls under Aldehydes action=alters proteins use=preserve specimens and as an embalming fluid
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16)glutaraldehyde
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group=Alderhyde action=alters protreins use=sporocidal at extended exposures
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17)chlorhexidine
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group=Biguanidines action=damage membrane use=contacts-surgical hand scrub-preoperative skin prep.
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what is cold sterilization?
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ionizing Radiation=action=produces high-energy ions called free radicals which react with DNA and other components killing microbes.used to sterilize plastics and other items killing microbes to preserve foods.
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