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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cell theory |
The theory that organisms are composed of cells and their products and that these cells are all derived from preexisting cells |
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Prokaryotes
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An organisms whose cells do not have membrane-enclosed nucei or organelles; a moneran (bacterium)
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Eukaryotes
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An organism whose cells have a membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles; a protist, a fungus, a plant or an animal |
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Nucleus (plural: nuclei)
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In atoms, the central core containing protons and neutrons; in eukaryotic cells, the membrane-bound organelle that houses the chromosomes
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Chromosome
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A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes |
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Nucleoid
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A region in prokaryotic cell consisting of a concentrated mass of DNA |
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Plasmids |
a genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes, typically a small circular DNA strand in the cytoplasm of a bacterium or protozoan. Plasmids are much used in the laboratory manipulation of genes |
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Flagella (single: flagellum) |
a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic whiplike appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc., to swim |
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Cell / plasma membrane |
a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins that forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm |
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Cell wall |
a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose |
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Ribosomes |
a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins |
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Cytoplasm |
the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus |
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Cytosol |
the aqueous component of the cytoplasm of a cell, within which various organelles and particles are suspended |
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Organelles |
any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell |
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Nucleolus |
a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase |
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Cytoskeleton |
a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence |
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endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and serves multiple functions, being important particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins |
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Golgi |
This cellular organelle packages and sorts proteins before they are sent to their final destination |
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Vesicles |
a fluid- or air-filled cavity or sac, in particular |
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Lysosomes |
an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane |
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Vacuoles |
a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid |
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Centrioles |
a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division |
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Cilia |
a short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure |
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Colony |
refers to individual organisms of the same species living closely together, usually for mutual benefit, such as stronger defense or the ability to attack bigger prey |
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Multicellular |
(of an organism or part) having or consisting of many cells |
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Cell differentiation |
the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type |
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Tissue |
any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products |
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Organ |
a part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in humans |
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Organ system |
is a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions |
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Organism |
an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form |