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80 Cards in this Set
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Non flowering plants |
Gymnosperms |
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Naked seeds |
Gymnosperms |
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General seed characteristics for Gymnosperms and Angiosperms |
Gametophyte becomes more reduced, mostlymicroscopic Female gametophyte (megagametophyte) remainsretained in the diploid sporophyte Pollinationreplaces swimming as a way to transport the male gamete to the female gamete All plants are heterosporous All plants produce seeds |
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Gymnosperm seeds |
"naked seeds" Lack a protective coating Ovules and seeds not covered by tissues No flowers Mostly only trachieds to move water--No vesselelements No double fertilization |
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Angiosperm seeds |
"covered seeds" have a protective coating -Ovules and seeds are covered Have flowers Vessel elements are the main water conductingelements Has double fertilization |
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an integumented megasporangium (2n) |
Ovule |
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Sterile diploid tissue that protects themegasporangium |
Integument |
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Megaspore (n) go through mitosis to produce what |
megagametophyte (female) (n) |
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Microspore goes through mitosis and contains the... |
microgametophyte(male) (n) = Pollen (n) |
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When pollen makes contact with micropyle and inserts itself |
Pollination |
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once pollination occurs the ovule becomes a |
seed |
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Thenext generation produced by a parent plant -A fertilized mature ovule |
seed |
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integument becomes the |
seed coat |
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Evolutionary significance of the seed |
Greater protection for the embryo A microenvironment is maintained Compared to amniotic egg** |
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Phylum Progymnospermophyta |
extinct phyla within the Gymnosperms |
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Phylum the has characteristics that were intermediate to theseedless vascular trimerophytes and those of seed plants |
Phylum Progymnospermophyta |
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Phylum Coniferophyta |
Gymnosperms |
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vessel containing Gymnosperms |
Gnetophyta |
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A leaflike structure that encloses one or more ovules; collectively gynoecium. this is the basic unit of the pistil |
carpel |
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consists of a single carpel |
simple pistil |
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consists of two or more united carpels |
compound pistil |
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a cavity within a sporangium or a cavity of the ovary in which ovules occur |
locule |
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swollen basal portion of the carpel or pistil containing ovules |
Ovary |
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The stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence |
pedicel |
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The stalk of a solitary flower or of an inflorescence |
peduncle |
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the sepals and petals together |
Perianth |
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the part of the flower that is usually conspicuously colored; collectively the corolla |
petal |
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the enlarge dens of the flower stalk to which the sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels are attached |
receptacle |
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the outermost part of a flower; collectively the calyx, which usually encloses the other parts |
sepal |
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the part of the flower that produces the pollen; usually composed of anther and filament; collectively the androecium |
stamen |
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upper pollen receptive portion of style |
stigma |
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slender stalklike portion of a carpel or pistil; arises from the top of the ovary |
style |
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a flower in which one or more of the four floral - sepal, petal, stamen, and carpel are present |
complete flower |
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a flower in which all four floral parts are not present |
incomplete flower |
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an ending that, together with a number, indicates the number of each of the floral parts. |
merous - For example 3-merous would mean having three parts of each kind |
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a single flower that has both stamens and pistils; bisexual or hermaphroditic |
perfect flower |
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a flower in which either stamens or pistils are missing; unisexual |
imperfect flower |
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a unisexual flower possessing only an androecium is referred to as |
staminate flowers |
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a flower possessing only a gynoecium is referred to as |
pistillate or carpellate flowers |
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Having both carpellate and staminate flowers on the same plant |
Monoecious |
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Having carpellate flowers on one plant, and staminate flowers on another plant of the same species |
Dioecious |
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Floral parts are arranged in a spiral on the floral axis, or receptacle |
Spiral arrangement |
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Having the floral parts arranged in circles (in the same planes) on the floral axis or receptacle |
Whorled arrangement |
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Floral organization in which the sepals, petals, and stamens are attached to the receptacle at the base of the ovary, which is superior (that is free from the calyx) |
Hypogyny |
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Floral organization in which the sepals, petals, and stamens are attached to the margin of a cup-shaped extension of the receptacle. the ovary is free of surrounding parts and is superior |
Perigyny |
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Floral organization in which the sepals, petals, and stamens apparently grow from the top of the ovary, which is inferior (that is, completely or partially attached to the calyx) |
Epigyny |
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collectively the petals of a flower |
Corolla |
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collectively the sepals of a flower |
calyx |
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the corolla and the calyx collectively together |
perianth |
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An ovary that is attached to the receptacle above the attachment of other floral parts. |
Superior Ovary |
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An ovary that lies below the attachment of other floral parts. |
Inferior ovary |
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Corolla made ip of similarly shaped petals that radiate from the center of the flower that are equal distances from one another; actinomorphic |
Regular symmetry |
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a radially symmetrical flower |
actinomorphic |
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having one or more parts in at least one whorl of different form from other parts of the same whole; zygomorphic |
Irregular symmetry |
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a flower that has bilateral symmetry |
zygomorphic |
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the union of like flower parts |
connation |
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the union of flower parts from two different whorls |
adnation |
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cavities |
locules |
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Having placentae arranged around (or ovules born on) a central volume of tissue in an ovary with as many locals as there are carpels |
axile placentation |
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Having placentae borne on the ovary wall or on an extension of it; the ovary is not divided into locules |
parietal placentation |
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Have placentae borne on a central column of tissue not connected by partitions with the ovary wall. |
Free central placentation |
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having placentae at the very base of a unilocular ovary |
basal placentation |
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An inflorescences in which the first flower bu forms at the tip of the axis , thus stopping terminal growth: Flowers below the first bud open later |
Determinate inflorescence |
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An inflorescence in which flowers open in succession, the lower or outermost ones opening first |
Indeterminate inflorescence |
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An indefinitely branching indeterminate inflorescence; essentially a compound raceme or a corymb |
panicle inflorescence |
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an indeterminate inflorescence consisting of a central stalk (rachis) and sessile or nearly sessile flowers |
Spike |
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An indeterminate inflorescence consisting of a central stalk (rachis) and pedicured flowers |
Raceme |
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a few flowered, flattish, determinate inflorescence in which the central or terminal flower opens earliest |
Cyme |
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an indeterminate inflorescence consisting of several pedicured flowers arising from the same level |
Umbel |
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an indeterminate inflorescence consisting of a central stalk (rachis) and pediceled flowers along the sides of the stalk. the pedicels of the flowers are much linger than those of the upper ones, giving the inflorescence a rounded or flat appearance |
Corymb |
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a compact, indeterminate inflorescence consisting of sessile, or nearly sessile, flowers closely attached to the top of an expanded stem |
Head |
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a spike with apetalous, unisexual (imperfect) flowers |
Catkin (ament) |
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function of the tapetum |
Layer of cells that nourishes the sporogenouscells |
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megaspore mother cell is equal to |
megasporocyte |
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genus within phylum coniferophyta |
Pinus (gymnosperm) |
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genus within phylum Cycadophyta |
Zamia (gymnosperm) |
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Genus within phylum Ginkophyta |
Ginko biloba (gymnosperm) |
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Genus within phylum Gnetophyta |
Gnetum, Ephedra, Welwitschia |
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Genus within phylum Gnetophyta where most of the plant is under the sandy soil. Looks like palm leaves laying on the ground |
Welwitschia |
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Genus within phylum Gnetophyta that looks like grassy bushes |
Ephedra |