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75 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
heterosporous
separate male and female gametophyte
Sporophyte dominant life sycle
gametophytes are dependent upon the sporophyte for nutrition and cannot live on their own
Dioecious
two houses
monecious
one house
microsporangium
microspores that are produced by meiosis
microsporangiate strobilus
pollen cone
Pollen grain
microgametophyte
Pollination
when pollen grains are transported to the micropyle
pollen tube
grows from pollen grain to the ovary
sperm
released into the pollen tube from the pollen grain
megasporangium
ovules producing megaspores
megasporangiate strobilus
ovulate cone= seed cone
ovule
a megasporangium surrounded by an integument
integument
a continuous sheath around the ovule of nucellus
functional megaspore
of the four megaspores created by meiosis from one megasporocyte only one remains functional and the other thre abort
megagametophyte
female gametophyte
archegonium
the female gametophyte when it is ready to accept sperm
egg
haploid gamete within archegonium
fertilization
the actual fusion of sperm and egg
zygote
diploid form from fertilization
embryo
result of mitotic divisions of the zygote, immature sporophyte, surrounded by the female gametophyte tissue
seed
a ripened ovule containing a dormant embryo
cotyledon
young seed leaves
polln receptive structure of gymnosperms
pollination droplet is excreted through the micropyle to receive pollen grains, then pulls back into megasporangium
which gymnosperms have swimming sperm cells
cycadales and ginkgoaceae
etymology of symnosperm
naked seed
seed storage tissue in a symnosperm
tissue of the female gametophyte
sister taxon of gymnosperms
angiosperms
Cycads
cycadaceae and zamiaceae
cycads dioecious or monoecious
dioecious
growth habit of cycads
slow growing palmlike plants with erect trunks
leaves of cycads
pinnately compoun
vernation of cycads
pinnately compound
microsporangiate of cycads
massive strobili with many eusporangia on scales
Megasporophylls of cycadaceae
produced by terminal buds, no true strobili, fan shaped blades with ovules along margin of petiole
megasporophylls of zamiaceae
produced in stobili from lateral buds, reduced to scales each with two ovules
retractile roots
roots in zamiaceae that pull trunk down into soil
Ginkgoaceae
ginkgos
Ginkgo mono or dioecious
dioecious
Ginkgo long and short shoots
long shoots are produced from terminal bud and elongate stems, short shoots grow laterally
Gingko the living fossil
it is the only extant species of ginkgoaceae which was widespread during the mesozoic period
microsporangiate strobilus of ginkgo
stamen like in elongated strobili
what pollinated ginkgo
wind
ovules in ginkgo
produced in stalked pairs
ginkgo seed
fleshy plum like
ginkgo problems as an ornamental
ovules have ill scented pustules with butyric acid
cone bract
modified leaves that subtend ovuliferous cone scales
ovuliferous cone scales
modified lateral shoot systems
members of conifers
Pinaceae, cupressaceae
Pineaceae mono or dioecious
monoecious
pinaceae leaves
linear to acicular, spiral leaves
first leaves in pinus
primary leaves are membranous scales
where are needle leaves produced in pinus
needle leaves are produced on short shoots
fascicle of needles in pinus
a bundle of leaves
microsporangiate of pinaceae
a simple strobili with spirally attached scales around a central axis, two microsporangia per scale
megasporangiate of pinaceae
compound cones with cone bracts subtending cone scales, two ovules are produced on top of each scale
pinaceae seed
seeds have membranous wings
Cupressaceae monoecious or dioecious
can be either
leaves of cupressaceae
need, scale, or awl like, with one vein
leaf arrangements in cupressaceae
alternate, opposite, whorled
microsporangiate of curpessaceae
simple strobili spirally arranged or opposite scales attached to the central axis, several microsprangia per scale
megasporangiate of cupressaceae
compound cones with cone bracts fused to woody or fleshy cone scales, two to many ovules per cone scale, seed sometimes winged
differences between pinaceae and cupressaceae cones
bracts and scales are fused together in cupressaceae
Justification for fusing curpessaceae and taxodiaceae
created a monophyletic croup of cupressaceae from a paraphyletic group
Cupressaceae sensu stricto
when cupressaceae is split into two groups s.s. is smaller group within taxodiaceae
Cupressaceae sensu lato
when cupressaceae is split into two groups s.l. is the larger solitary taxon
Taxonomic rank of gnetales
order
3 features of families with gentales
Striate pollen, vessel elements with porose perferation plates
families of gnetales
ephedraceae, welwitschiaceae, gnetaceae
are families of gnetales monoecious or dioecious
dioecious
stems of ephedra
elongated internodes, green, photosynthetic, grooved
leaves of ephedra
dry, scale like, opposite or whorled
microsporangiate strobilus of ephedra
compound strobili with opposite or whorled membranous scales attached to a central axis, stalked clusters of anther like pollen sacs
megasporangiate of ephedra
flower like compound with membranous or fleshy scales attached to a central axis, 102 ovules enclised by a pair of fused scales
where does ephedra occur
desert areas