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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what did Jared Diamond write?
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- "Guns, Germs, Steel"
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why did native americans have no disease according to Diamond?
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they did not domesticate animals, where much of disease is derived from
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intelligence does not correlate with...
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... having more stuff
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intelligence correlates with...(3)
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1. having different types of knowledge
2. depends on past development 3. idea of resources makes a difference |
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why did Diamond write "Guns,Germs,Steel"?
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-to bring forth why some civilizations have progressed and others have not
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what did Diamond also write this book for?
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- different societies have knowledge according to their way of life
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why did Diamond focus on the last 10,000 years? (3)
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1. end of ice age
2. beginning of recent era 3. up until 10,000-13,000 years ago many people where doing the same things |
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what was one of the biggest factors that changed civilization?
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- farming
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what research methods did Diamond use to locate most of his information? (6)
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1. fossils
2. skeletal remains 3. carbon dating 4. molecular studies 5. cave drawings 6. looks at garbage |
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what keys factors does Diamond identify as key to the "Great Leap Forward" coming about?
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- finds artifacts like jewelry, fish hooks, etc
- language develops probably from 'brain development' or 'development of voicebox' |
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which side does Diamond take in the megafauna overkill vs. climate debate for species decline?
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- he disagrees with climate change
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if it is not climate change, then what does Diamond say about why species declined?
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- hunted by people
- killing off species (group hunting due to language) |
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what was the personality of animals that did not live around humans?
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- very relaxed; not afraid
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what were two(2) main places that had large populations of animals wiped out?
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- Madagascar and Australia
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what are Pre-Clovis sites?
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- settlement sites with archeological evidence of civilization
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why are there debates over the authenticity of Pre-Clovis sites?
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- different ones in Americas
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about how many pre-clovis sites are there?
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- about 2
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what is sketchy about the 2 existing pre-clovis sites?
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- according to past climate (ice age), the artifacts don't match up
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this is an example of Chomsky's...
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..."paired example"
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MORIORI AND MAORI DISPUTE accurred where abouts in the world?
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- New Zealand, Australian region
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which civilization existed in the Chatham Islands?
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- Moriori
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which civilization lived in New Zealand?
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- Maori
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which civilization had cold harsh climate?
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- Moriori, Chatham Islands
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what was the government of the Moriori?
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-Concensus (small population)
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what was the gov't of the Maori?
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- Hierarchy (larger population)
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which other advantage did the Maori in New Zealand have over the Moriori?
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- marine resources
*the Moriori did not have the resources to make nets and hooks |
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what geological types of material could be found in New Zealand over the Moriori in Chathams?
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- various minerals, iron, other such resources
*Chathams had virtually no resources to offer |
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Terrain Fragmentation was also a problem in both places but more so in the Chatham islands. what were the problems concerning terrain fragmentation in both places.
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-New Zealand... mountains
-Chatham Islands... islands are hard to get resources from and transport them *harder to communicate in both situations |
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what other problem did the Chatham Islands face?
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- isolation
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Another problem facing the Moriori was the ..., which limited the population growth
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... area
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HOW TO MAKE AN ALMOND
-what are some of the easiest to domesticate? (3) |
- peas, barley, wheat
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what makes peas, barley, wheat easy to domesticate?
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- high yields
- grow fast - already edible (not much manufacturing) *peas we eat are mutant |
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why aren't nuts and fruits as readily apparent?
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- bc do not grow on a schedule (apples, pears, plums)
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what other things made fruits and nuts less readily apparent?
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- climate restrictions
- Grafting |
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what are the original weeds we eat?
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- radishes
- turnips - beats - lettuce - rye |
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what took a longer time to discover?
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strawberries and raspberries
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why did it take longer to discover and actually harvest strawberries and raspberries?
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- bc did NOT have netting & protection against animals
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APPLES/ INDIANS
why didnt they have agriculture in the great plains? |
- bc no domesticated animals (no useful animals)
- do not have orignial plants (no wheat, barley, etc.) |
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how many wild plant species are there, and how many are edible to humans? how many can be domesticated?
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- 20,000 wild plant species
- only a few thousand are edible to humans -few hundred can be domesticated |
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what are the twelve crops that are widely used (worldwide)?
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- wheat, corn, rice, potato, sweet potato, soy beans, barley, sugarcane & sugar beets, bananas, sorghum, manioc
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ZEBRAS, UNHAPPY MARRIAGES, ANACONORIA PRINCIPLE
- to be happy in marriage one must... |
... avoid failures in marriage
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to have successful agriculture one must try to avoid...
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... potential failures
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whats wrong with Zebras, why can't they be domesticated?
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- they have good meat
- BAD TEMPER in closed situations |
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how many animals can truly be domesticated? how many are major domesticates?
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- 14 animals can truly be domesticated
- 5 are major domesticates (cow & ox, horse, pig, ghoat, sheep) |
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which location globally has the 13 of the 14 domesticated animals?
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- Eurasia
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which has "0" domesticated animals?
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- Australia
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which has "1" domesticated animal?
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- S. America
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North America and Africa have how many domesticated animals?
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- "0"
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with animals comes...
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... disease
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disease from animals include...
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... TB, small pox, influenza, plague, messels, collora
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what are the 5 reasons it is difficult to domesticate animals...
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1. behavioral problems
2. breeding patterns 3. dieting problems 4. growing/ growth 5. social structure |
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what are the 6 ket environmental differences among the Polynesian societies...
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1) island geography
2) geological type 3) marine resources 4) area 5) terrain fragmentation 6) isolation |
