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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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International Astronomical Union |
IAU
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1. Must orbit sun 2. Must be generally round 3. Must sweep out path as it goes around the sun |
To Be a Planet: |
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The inner solar system / terrestrial planets |
-Mercury -Venus -Earth -Mars |
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Terrestrial planets |
rocky, bulk solid |
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Mercury |
-Highly cratered -closest to sun -no moons -no atmosphere |
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Venus |
-most volcanic body in entire solar system -brightest object in sky -similar in size & composition to Earth -Very dense atmosphere (greenhouse effect, sulfuric clouds & lightening) |
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Earth |
Densest planet; 3rd rock from sun |
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Mars |
-roman god of war
-2 small moons -thin atmosphere -Polar Ice Caps (water?) ` |
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Olympus mons
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largest volcano in solar system -mars |
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Mars 2 moons |
-phobos -Deimos |
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Asteroid Belt |
-small rocky bodies -orbit sun -most in belt b/t mars & Jupiter -*Failed planet |
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Outer Solar system |
-Jupiter -saturn -uranus -neptune -*layered structure -no solid surface |
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Jupiter |
-mostly hydrogen & Helium -fastest rotation -Harsh Atmosphere -*potentially failed second star |
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How many moons does jupiter have? |
28 |
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Jupiter Moons |
IO Europa Ganeymede Calisto *gallilean moons (very similar to first 4 planets |
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Red Dot on jupiter |
huge storm |
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What is Jupiter's & Saturn's atmosphere made out of? |
methane, ammonia, hydrogen |
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Saturn |
-Lowest density planet (would float on water) -95x Mass of the earth -*gaseous giant |
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How many moons does saturn have? |
30 |
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Saturn;s moons |
-titan -Enceladus -*liquid water? |
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Measuring stars |
-emit electromagnetic radiation -measurement of photons from stars -wave length, intensity, direction, variations |
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Parallax |
angle b/t observations of a distant object; greater the angle, greater the parallax |
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Triangulation |
Process of parallax |
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Sun |
-4.6-4.8 Billion years old -99% of all the mass in the solar system -109x earth -93 million miles from earth -99% hydrogen & Helium |
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Star |
fusion reactor; large plasma bodies, controlled by inward drawing gravity vs. outward pressure from nuclear fusion |
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Structure of Sun |
-radiation zone (surrounds core) -Convection Zone -Photosphere -Chromosphere -Corona (crown) -Spicules (fiery spiky things) -Prominence (lava) -Sun Spots |
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Properties of stars: color |
-controlled by temp -red: coolest - blue: hottest -yellow: middle (sun) |
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Properties of stars: Brightness |
-total energy output -more massive the star, more intense the fusion reactions -the more we get rid of protons in the hydrogen envelope |
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Planetary Nebula |
comprised of a mix of elements up to iron |
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Main factors of stars changing over time |
-total mass -composition -age |
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Life cycles of stars: less massive than sun |
-just barely big enough to burn hydrogen -brown dwarf -glows slowly -lives 100 billion year -no change in size, temp, energy |
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Life cycles of stars: about the size of the sun |
-hydrogen burning at fast rate -H burning produces helium -When H burns out, gravity takes over -starts contract & heat up |
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Life cycles of stars: Very large stars
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-successive collapses & burnings -iron core -star explosions (super nova) -Element collisions & chain reactions |
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Supernova |
every element in the periodic table is produced |
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red giant |
helium burning |
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Super nova: type 1 |
large star expands and overlaps w/ a smaller star -smaller star gains mass and explodes |
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Super nova: Type 2 |
Large star gains too much mass via fusion to support it against gravity -Core implodes, then atomic particles react & explode outward |
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Neutron star |
-dense & small -high rotation rate -little light (low luminosity) |
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Pulsars |
-*type of neutron star -electromagnetic radiation field -end state of supernova -"little green men" |
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Blackholes |
Result of collapse of large star -"ultimate triumph of gravity" -nothing escapes from surface (even light) -Cannot see them, see impact on other stars |
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Hydrogen in its most abundant form on Earth consists of: |
A proton |
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T/F Neptune spins on its side |
False |
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The planet combo lacking moons is.... |
Mercury & Venus |
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4 Atomic symbols for the organics are? |
C O N H |
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Majority of what we are breathing? |
Nitrogen |
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Earth is mostly made out of : |
Rock |
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Transition metals are: |
metals |
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Coldest planet? |
Uranus |
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Black holes are examples of....? |
Gravitational Collapse |
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T/F Venus is not volcanic |
False |
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The number of protons an element has determines....? |
Atomic number |
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Ice giants |
Uranus Neptune |
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T/F The solar system has more than one star |
False |
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The gravitational force due to the planet is strongest on...? |
Earth, largest mass |
