Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Growth
|
Increase in physical size
|
|
Development
|
Qualitative increase in capability or function
|
|
Cephalocaudal Development
|
Development from head to feet
|
|
Proximodistal Development
|
Development from torso to extremities
|
|
Anticipatory Guidance
|
Nurses predict upcoming or expected developmental tasks and teach clients related to them
|
|
Who developed psychoanalysis?
|
Sigmund Freud
|
|
Psychoanalysis
|
Exploring the driving force of the unconscious mind
|
|
The phrase "Childhood experiences lead to motivation in latter life" is indicative of what theory?
|
Psychoanalysis
|
|
The phrase "unresolved conflict and unmet needs at a certain lead to fixation of development" at that stage is indicative of what theory?
|
Psychoanalysis
|
|
"id", one of three parts of personality structure that describes the sexual energy present at birth and drives the individual to seek pleasure is indicative of what theory?
|
Psychoanalysis
|
|
"ego" one of three parts of personality structure that describes the realistic part of a person, which develops in infancy and searches for acceptable methods of meeting impulses, is indicative of what theroy?
|
Psychoanalysis
|
|
"Superego" one of three parts personality structure which describes the moral/ethical system that contains a set of values and a conscience is indicative of what theory?
|
Psychoanalysis
|
|
Which part of personality uses defense mechanisms to divert impulses and protect ones self from excess anxiety?
|
Ego
|
|
Includes infants up to 1 year of age, all of whom require a high level of care in daily activities?
|
Infancy
|
|
Characterized by increased motor ability and independent behaviour between the ages of 1 and 2?
|
Toddlerhood
|
|
This age group refines gross and fine motor abilities and language skills, often participates in a their first learning program?
|
Preschool
|
|
Begins with entry into a formal school system and is characterized by growing intellectual skills, physical ability and independence? 6-12 years of age
|
School age
|
|
Begins with entry into the teen years. Mature cognitive thought, formation of identity, and influence of peers are relative to this stage in development? 13-18 years
|
Adolescence
|
|
During the "Oral Stage" a baby obtains pleasure and comfort through the mouth (Which Theory?)
|
Psychosexual
|
|
"Trust vs. Mistrust is a crisis in infancy accomplished my by an infant consistently having met needs (Which Theory)
|
Psychosocial
|
|
The sensorimotor stage as characterized by infants learning from movement and sensory input was created by which scientist?
|
Piaget (Theory of cognitive development)
|
|
The Anal stage is characterized by a child receiving gratification through the control over body secretions. (Which Theory?)
|
Psychosexual
|
|
"Autonomy vs.shame and doubt" is when children show increasingly independent skills in may spheres of life is indicative of what theory?
|
Psychosocial
|
|
The end of the sensorimotor stage when children show increasingly exploitative behaviour and language skills improve is indicative of what theory?
|
Cognitive Development
|
|
The Phallic stage, when the child identifies with a parent of opposite sex and then with a parent of same sex is indicative of what theory?
|
Psychosexual
|
|
The crisis "Initiative vs. Guilt" when a child like to imitate play activities is indicative of what theory?
|
Psychosocial
|
|
The pre-operational stage, when children are increasingly verbal but has some limitations in thought processes and often confuses causality is indicative of what theory?
|
Cognitive Development
|
|
The "Latency Stage" when a child places importance on privacy and understanding the body is indicative of what theory?
|
Psychosexual
|
|
The crisis "Industry vs. inferiority", when a child gains a sense of self-worth from involvement in activities is indicative of what theory?
|
Psychosocial
|
|
The "concrete operational stage" when a child is capable if mature thought when allowed to manipulate and see objects is indicative of what theory?
|
Cognitive Developmental
|
|
The "Genital Stage" when adolescents focus on genital function and relationships is indicative of what theory?
|
Psychosexual
|
|
The crisis "Identity vs. role confusion", when an adolescent's search for self-identity leads to independence from parents and reliance on peers is indicative of what theory?
|
Psychosocial
|
|
The "Formal Operational Stage", when the adolescent is capable of mature, abstract thought is indicative of what theory?
|
Cognitive Development
|
|
The psychosocial theory as defined as eight developmental crises that every person must go through to reach developmental health was discovered by?
|
Erik Erikson
|
|
The cognitive developmental theory which is derived from the pretence that a child's view of the world is influenced largely by age and maturational ability was discovered by?
|
Jean Piaget
|
|
Preconventional (4 to 7 years) is a moral developmental stage characterised by decision making on the desire to please others and avoid punishment is indicative of what theory?
|
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
|
|
Conventional (7 to 12 years) is a moral developmental stage characterized by the formation of the internal set of standards and following rules to be considered "good" is indicative of what theory?
|
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
|
|
Postconventional (12 years and older), when the individual has internalized ethical standards on which to base decisions and recognizes social responsibility is indicative of what theory?
|
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
|
|
The idea that children model the behaviour they see and tend to repeat it was an idea who had? And what's it called?
|
Albert Bandura/Social Learning Theory
|
|
The experiment where a scientist taught dogs to salivate with the ring of a bell, falls under what scope of theories? Bonus! Who did that study?
|
Behaviorism/ Skinner
|
|
The theory of positive and negative reinforcement was identified by what two scientists working in Behaviourism ?
|
Watson and Skinner
|
|
Nature vs. Nurture (the concept that divides genetic tendencies in behaviour to tendencies for a behaviour in an environment) falls under what theory?
|
Ecologic Theory
|
|
The ecologic theory emphasizes the presence of mutual interactions between various environments. What are the various environments and what do they consist of?
|
Microsystem: The daily consistent relationships in places like home, daycare or school
Mesosystem: The relationships between the microsystems with one another Exosystem: The settings that influence the child without having close contact with them, like school boards, or parents place of employment Macrosystem: The level that includes the belief's, values, and behaviours expressed in the child's environment Chronosystem: The time period in which the child grows up (like the 60's) |
|
The nine parameters of personality conclude what four possibilities in terms of childhood temperament?
|
The easy child
The difficult child The slow to warm up child The mixed child |
|
An extension of the temperamental theory is the goodness of fit theory, what parent adaptations did they recommend for a shy child?
|
Allow time to adapt at their own pace to new people and situations
|
|
An extension of the temperamental theory is the goodness of fit theory, what parent adaptations did they recommend for an extremely active child?
|
Plan periods of active play several times a day. Have restful periods before bedtime to foster sleep
|
|
An extension of the temperamental theory is the goodness of fit theory, what parent adaptations did they recommend for an easily stimulated child?
|
Have a quiet room for sleeping an infant. Have a quiet room for homework for a school-age child
|
|
An extension of the temperamental theory is the goodness of fit theory, what parent adaptations did they recommend for a child with a short attention span?
|
Provide projects that can be completed in a short amount of time. Gradually encourage longer periods at activities.
|
|
Which pregnancy category of drugs has been tested on humans and has shown no teratogenic effects?
|
Category A
|
|
Which pregnancy category of drugs has been tested on Animals and has shown no teratogenic effects?
|
Category B
|
|
Which pregnancy category of drugs has not had testing on animals or humans and requires risk vs. benefit to be considered?
|
Category C
|
|
Which pregnancy category of drugs has shown mal-effects on the fetus and should only be used in life threatening situations?
|
Category D
|
|
Which pregnancy category is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy?
|
Category X
|
|
Name 6 strategies for communicating with infants?
|
Hold for feedings
Hold, talk and rock infant often Talk and sing frequently during care Use high-pitched voice with newborns When infant is upset, swaddle and hold securely |