Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Protrusion vs. Retrusion |
Sticking jaw forward and bringing jaw back |
|
|
Role of CT |
Connect, protect, supports body and organs, store energy as fat reserves |
|
|
CT consists of... |
Cells and a matrix |
|
|
Matrix consists of... |
Fibers (collagen and elastin) and a ground substance |
|
|
Elastin CT fibers are found in... |
Ligaments and cartilage |
|
|
How does specialized CT differ from proper? |
It is solid, resists pull and pressure |
|
|
When there is lots of fat, loose proper CT is... |
Adipose tissue |
|
|
What does fascia store? |
Water and fat |
|
|
Function of fascia? |
Mechanical protection against blows, pathway for nerves and blood vessels to enter and exit muscles |
|
|
Septa |
Medial and lateral deep fascia in limbs Separates anterior or flexor muscles from posterior or extensor muscles |
|
|
Internal fascia |
Connects pleura (thorax) and peritoneum (abdomen) to body wall |
|
|
Ligaments connect... |
Bone to bone |
|
|
Ligaments are composed of... (what is the exception to this) |
Densely packed parallel collagen fibers Exception: ligaments flava of vertebral column contains elastic fibers |
|
|
Joints connect... |
Muscles to bone |
|
|
Aponeurosis |
Layered sheetlike connective tissue functions as a flattened tendon layers are of different orientations |
|
|
Bursae |
Connective tissue sacs filled with synovial fluid flattened with walls in apposition to each other deep- protects tendons from friction with bone, ligaments or tendons subcutaneous- between bone and skin
|
|
|
Tendon sheaths |
Bursa-like structure but envelop entire tendons |
|
|
Chondrocytes |
Cells that make the matrix |
|
|
Function of cartilage |
Functions to decrease friction Found at ends of long bones, anterior ends of ribs and support of trachea |
|
|
Function of fibrocartilage |
Functions as a shock absorber Knee joint menisci & Intervertebral discs has a nerve and blood supply on the perimeter |
|
|
Where is elastic cartilage found |
External ear Distal nose Ligamentum flava |
|
|
The matrix in bone is for... |
Resilience (tensile strength and toughness) |
|
|
Purpose of minerals in bone... |
Hardness (compressive strength) and rigidity |
|
|
Periosteum |
Connective tissue encasing the bone carries blood vessels, lymphatics & nerve fibers contains osteogenic cells for repair of fractures |
|
|
Two components of bone |
Cortex (dense)- supplied by periosteal arteries Spongy (cancellous)- supplied by nutrient artery that enters center of bone |
|
|
Five functions of bone |
Protection, support, mechanical, blood, mineral |
|
|
Shapes of bones |
Long bones, short bones, flat or squamous bones, irregular bones sesamoid bones |
|
|
What makes up the axial skeleton |
Skull vertebral column sternum and ribs |
|
|
Synarthroses (2 importances) |
Bones directly connected to each other via connective tissue Tend to play more in the role of stability |
|
|
How do synchondrosis and symphysis differ? |
Synchondrosis are more rigid, is the primary CJ, hyaline cartilage Symphysis probably have more movement, secondary CJ, fibrocartilage |
|
|
Diarthroses (2 importances) |
Bones are indirectly connected via joint capsule more associated with movement than stability |
|
|
Everything has a nerve and blood supply except... |
Hyaline cartilage |
|
|
Three things that contribute to the stability of joints |
1. Shapes of bones 2. Ligaments 3. Dynamic stability (muscles and tendons) |
|
|
Motor unit |
A group of muscle fibers and the single motor neuron that innervates them |
|
|
Two types of parallel muscle |
Strap Fusiform |
|
|
Types of Pennate muscle |
Unipennate, bipennate, multipennate |
|
|
Origin/insertion |
Normal action= insertion moves towards origin Origin is usually proximal or superior |
|
|
Reverse |
Origin moves toward insertion example pec major can help with breathing |
|
|
Agonist/antagonist |
The agonist are the prime movers antagonist opposes movement Ex: elbow extension where the agonist is the tricep |
|
|
Synergist |
Help the agonist compensate for unwanted actions Ex: brachialis is synergist for elbow FL |
|
|
Spurt/shunt |
Spurt: O is distant to J, I is near to J More motion Shunt: O is near J, I far from J Helps stabilize J |
|
|
The CNS is comprised of... |
Brain- brain stem, cerebellum, cerebrum Spinal cord |
|
|
The PNS is comprised of... |
12 pairs of cranial nerves 31 pairs of spinal nerves |
|
|
Glia |
Support neurons Mop of excess K+ after action potential |
|
|
Three types of neurons |
Efferent, afferent, interneurons |
|
|
Meninges |
Connective tissue enclosing CNS |
|
|
Cerebrospinal fluid |
Reduces weight of brain by 97% Function is to support and protect NOT NUTRITIVE |
|
|
2 functions of the spinal cord |
1. Major reflex center 2. Conduction pathway between brain and body |
|
|
Gray matter regions.. |
Dorsal horn, ventral horn, interneurons, lateral horn |
|
|
Which meninges is only in spinal cord, not brain |
Denticulate ligament |
|
|
2 primary curves |
Kyphotic- thoracic and sacral |
|
|
2 secondary curves |
Lordotic- cervical and lumbar |
|
|
Intervertebral discs are composed of |
Nucleus pulposus (middle gooey part) Annulus fibrosis (perimeter/ring) |
|
|
Ruptured disc |
Tear through annulus fibrosus (posterior-lateral part) |
|
|
ROM in vertebral column: rotation |
Decreases as move down VC |
|
|
ROM in vertebral column: FL EXT |
Largest in cervical and lumbar |
|
|
ROM in vertebral column: lateral bending |
Small everywhere, smallest in thoracic, 0 in sacrum |
|
|
Zygapophyseal joints |
Joints between vertebral arches AKA facet joints Plane joints |
