Gross - Spring - Llama And Alpaca Anatomy - Final

Front 1

Do camelids have a tapetum lucidum?
What siginifigance is this?

Back 1

No.
They are day-time animals, they are very reactive at night due to puma attacks, but bed down.

Front 2

Do camelids have corpora nigra (iridic granules)?

Back 2

Yes

Front 3

Name the cutaneous structures on the metatarsal regions of camelid pelvic limbs that are similar to chestnuts in horses.

Back 3

Metatarsal pads

Front 4

Do the jugular vein and common carotid artery lie close together in much of the camelid neck or far apart?

Back 4

Close together

Front 5

What type of kidney does the camelid have?

Back 5

pseudounipyramidal

Front 6

Intact male camelids have fighting teeth. Which teeth are these in the male llama?

Back 6

upper third incisor, maxillary canine, mandibular canine
I1/3, C1/1, P3/3, M3/3

There is only one standard pre-molar, it is PM4, but sometimes there will be PM3, and rarely PM2.

Front 7

Do camelids have hard hooves or soft digital cushions?

Back 7

Double pads with a claw in the front. They walk on p2 and P3 and a digital pad

Front 8

Do camelids have a dental pad?

Back 8

Yes

Front 9

Are camelids obligate nasal breathers?

Back 9

Yes

Front 10

How many compartments does the camelid stomach have? How are these named? Which part of the camelid stomach is similar to the monogastric stomach?

Back 10

3
C1, C2, C3
Distal 1/5th of C3

Front 11

Where are the testes of camelids located?

Back 11

perineally

Front 12

Which accessory sex glands are present in camelids?

Do male camelids have a urethral recess/diverticulum similar to ruminants?

Back 12

ampullary gland
prostate
bulbourethral gland

Yes, they have the urethral recess/diverticulum making it nearly impossible to pass a catheter into the camelid urinary bladder.

Front 13

Is the camelid penis fibrous or vascular?

Does the camelid penis have a sigmoid flexure?

Back 13

Fibrous and sigmoid flexure very close to the distal end of the penis

Front 14

Is it normal for the camelid penis to have a cartilaginous tip?

Back 14

Yes
Induced ovulators – the cartilaginous tip does lots of damage.

Front 15

Does the female camelid have a suburethral diverticulum similar to ruminants?

Back 15

Yes. Makes it difficult, but not impossible to catheterize.

Front 16

In which uterine horn do 95% of pregnancies implant?

Back 16

Left side.
Ovulation occurs on either side, but if on right, it will migrate to the left side.

Front 17

What is the descriptor for two-toed animals? What about for padded foot?

Back 17

Artiodactyla – two toed; tylopoda – padded foot.

Front 18

Do llamas and alpacas have metarsal pads?

Back 18

Yes - but they're more like a chestnut of a horse.

Front 19

What is the gland of the foot of the llama/alpaca?

Back 19

The interdigital "gland"

Front 20

What is unique about the larynx and soft palate of the camelid?

Back 20

Palate lays under the larynx.

Front 21

What is of clinical significance in doing jug sticks in camelids?

Back 21

very clinically relevant: the common carotid and external jugular vein lie very close to each other and be very careful that nothing is injected into the carotid that shouldn’t be.

Front 22

Which side of the llama is this? What is poking out?

Back 22

This is the right side, you can tell from the liver and C3 poking out.

Front 23

What side of the llama is this?

Back 23

The left side

Front 24

What kind of muscle is in the esophagus of a camelid?

Back 24

Striated since they are ruminants.

Front 25

What do the sacculations secrete?

Back 25

Bicarb

Front 26

What does the pH shift to in C3?

Back 26

From pH 7 to pH 2 or 3

Front 27

What is the structure in green? What is the function?

Back 27

The gastric groove bypasses C1 and C2 and dumps milk into C3.

Front 28

Are gastroliths normal in camelids?

Back 28

Yes, in the saccules.

Front 29

What is this? What is it coming off of?

Back 29

Greater omentum off of the greater curvature of C3

Front 30

Is this a normal camelid liver?

Back 30

In terms of the cracks, yes. In terms of the little white scars, no, those are probably liver flukes

Front 31

Do camelids have gall bladders?

Back 31

No.

Front 32

What type of camelid is this?

Back 32

Likely a camel due to the lymph node size, you can rarely even find them in alpacas and llamas

Front 33

In what segment of camelid intestines should you start seeing pellets?

Back 33

In the centrifugal coil

Front 34

What is the tube at right coming into the centripetal coil in this camelid?

Back 34

The proximal tubule. Its large.

Front 35

How many nipples do camelids have? How many ducts per nipple?

Back 35

4. No more, no less, even on males.
2 ducts per nipple.

Front 36

What are choanae?

Back 36

The internal nares, or caudal nares.