Gross - Oog

Front 1

Horse, MD

Back 1

MD, Eye, cornea, focally extensive suppurative (ulcerative) keratomalacia, marked, chronic.
(if you use suppurative -> keratitis!)

Mc Gavin Figure 20-08. Suppurative keratomalacia, enucleated globe, horse. An initial corneal laceration became infected with Pseudomonas spp. The infection has resulted in proteolytic destruction of the stoma caused mostly by the release of digestive enzymes from neutrophils in the inflammatory exudate. Healing will result in a large amount of stromal scarring.

Front 2

Dog, MD.

Back 2

MD: Eye, cornea, focal ulcer, marked acute with descemetocele.
Descemetocele = Bulging of descemet’s membrane anteriorly into the defect. Could also be the iris bulging.

Mc Gavin, Figure 20-09. Deep central corneal ulcer (with descemetocele and early iris prolapse), dog. Note the diffuse corneal edema (diffuse gray appearance) caused mostly by imbibition of tear fluid, with some contribution from the blood vessels which are growing (angiogenesis) into the injured cornea as part of wound healing (the circumferential red “brush border” from the limbus).

Front 3

Cat MD, etiology

Back 3

MD: Eyes, bilateral hypopyon, marked subacute to chronic
Etiology: feline coronavirus (Feline infectious peritonitis)

Mc Gavin Figure 20-15. Hypopyon (bilateral), feline infectious peritonitis, cat. A mixture of fibrin and neutrophils is present within the anterior chamber of the eyes.

Front 4

Dog MD

Back 4

MD: Eye, posterior synechia with iris bombé
Adhesion of the iris to the anterior capsular surface of the lens is known as posterior synechia.
MD2: Eye, diffuse retinal detachment, marked chronic.

Mc Gavin Figure 20-16A. Posterior synechia, pupillary block and iris bombé, eye, sagittal section, dog. A, The iris has adhered to the lens, creating a pupillary block and subsequent iris bombé. Cloudy exudate fills the vitreous, and its accumulation in the subretinal space has caused complete retinal detachment. These changes occurred as a consequence of corneal perforation and secondary septic endophthalmitis.

Front 5

Calf, ND, cause in lambs

Back 5

ND: Synophthalmia
Cause: ewes grazing pastures of legume Veratrum Californicum on day 15 of gestation will give birth to lambs with this malformation.


Mc Gavin Figure 20-31A. Synophthalmia, globe, calf. This fused globe has two lenses, two corneas, and partial duplication of the retina.

Front 6

Dog, MD and pathogenesis

Back 6

MD: posterior (polar) coloboma
Pathogenesis: Failure of complete fusion of the lips of the optic (embryonic) fissure.
In Charolais cattle, colobomas at or near the optic disc are inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance.
If the defect is sufficient large, the outpouching of neurectoderm induces a similar bulge in the sclera, called scleral ectasia.

Coloboma: absence of defect of some ocular tissue. Especially frequent in Collie dogs as one manifestation of Collie eye anomalie (JKP).
(Coloboma : a hole in one of the structures of the eye, such as the iris, retina, choroid or optic disc)
Mc Gavin, Figure 20-32. Posterior polar coloboma, collie eye anomaly, globe, sagittal section, dog. Failure of closure of the most posterior portion of the optic fissure has allowed outpouching of the developing retina, adjacent to the optic nerve. The protruding retina is covered by sclera. This result has prevented proper local formation of choroid and sclera, resulting in so-called scleral ectasia. Such globes always have choroidal hypoplasia.

Front 7

Rabbit, MD

Back 7

MD, Eyes, bilateral buphthalmus with diffuse corneal opacity
DDX: Bilateral exophthalmus.

Mc Gavin Figure 20-35. Bilateral primary glaucoma (inherited), eye, rabbit. The eyes are protruding and have diffuse gray corneal opacity typical of edema. Distinguishing ocular enlargement caused by glaucoma from exophthalmos caused by a retrobulbar mass is based on clinical assessment of intraocular pressure, the ability to push the globe more deeply into the orbit (retropulsion), and the presence or absence of an orbital mass as detected by radiography or other imaging techniques. (Courtesy Dr. B. Wilcock, Ontario Veterinary College.)

Front 8

Bovine, ND and etiology

Back 8

ND: Pink eye or infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.
MD: Cornea, suppurative keratomalacia, focally extensive, marked, chronic with peripheral granulation tissue.
Cuase: Moraxella bovis.
Mc Gavin Figure 20-48. Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (“pink-eye”), cow. The axial half of the ulcerated cornea is filled with neutrophils (suppurative keratomalacia) and surrounded by a border of red fleshy granulation tissue. The initial lesions are shallow corneal ulcers and foci of suppurative superficial stromal keratitis with conjunctival hyperemia, followed by circumferential superficial vascular ingrowth from bulbar conjunctiva toward the central ulcers.

Front 9

Dog, MD, predisposed breed

Back 9

MD, Eye, cornea, focally extensive pannus keratitis (chronic keratitis with granulation tissue).
Breed: German shepherd.
ND: Canine pannus keratitis, chronic superficial keratitis, uberreiter’s syndrome.
Begins at lateral limbus as red conjunctival thickening, spreads towards the axial cornea as a superficial, fleshy, vascularized stromal infiltrate, involving both eyes.
wat betreft Pannus keratitis bij de duitse herder stond nog het volgende in de JKP:
Primary target for inflammation is the cornal stroma itself. It is a idiopathic disease. Prevalence and severity are directly correlated with altitude , suggesting that sunlight exposure is part of the pathogenesis.
Clinical: vascular opacity growing from the limbus into the corneal stroma. (No ulceration, but pigmentation is often marked). Eventually infiltrates entire cornea.
Histology: initial, superficial stroma is infiltrated by mononuclear cells, esp. plasma cells. Subsequent vascularization and fibroplasia in the superficial third of stroma, accompanied by epithelial hyperplasia and pigmentation.
Pathogenesis: immune reaction to altered corneal epithelial antigens is hypothesized.
Mc Gavin Figure 20-50. Pannus keratitis, cornea, German shepherd dog. Note the fleshy gray-pink superficial stromal ingrowth from the lateral limbus (right) into the anterior stroma of the cornea. This appearance is classic for pannus.

Front 10

Dog, MD

Back 10

MD, Eye, Persistent hyaloid artery (and persistence of the posterior portions of the tunica vasculosa lentis.)


Mc Gavin; Figure 20-61. Persistent hyaloid artery and posterior portions of the tunica vasculosa lentis, globe, sagittal section, dog. A stalk of fibrovascular tissue (the fetal hyaloid artery and associated mesenchyme) extends from the optic disc to ramify over the posterior surface of the lens. Opacity and deformity of the posterior pole of the lens are frequent complications.

Front 11

Dog, MD

Back 11

MD, Eye, Persistent pupillary membrane.

Front 12

Dog, MD, other common tumor of the eye in dogs

Back 12

Eye, uvea and anterior chamber, melanocytoma/melanoma.
Other common tumor in dogs: Iridociliary adenoma.

Mc Gavin Figure 20-68. Anterior uveal melanocytoma, eye, sagittal section, dog. A large black tumor has replaced the anterior half of the uvea and filled much of the anterior chamber.

Front 13

Cat, MD

Back 13

MD: Eye, Diffuse iris melanoma.
Tumor originates from the layer of melanocytes that forms the anterior border layer of the normal iris.

Mc Gavin. Figure 20-70. Diffuse iris melanoma, eye, cat. Coalescing areas of brown pigmentation have caused thickening of the iris. In many cats, the extent of the pigmentation and thickening progresses over many years, and eventually the tumor may cause glaucoma secondary to trabecular occlusion. Enucleation may then be necessary.

Front 14

Cat, MD

Back 14

MD, Eye: (Feline primary ocular) sarcoma
Also called posttraumatic sarcoma.
High-grade spindle cell neoplasm that probably arises from lens epithelial cells that have escaped through ruptures in the lens capsule. These cells routinely undergo fibroblastic metaplasia as part of ineffective wound healing, but only in cats does the metaplasia progress to outright sarcoma.
As with histologically similar postvaccinal sarcomas, these tumors may have fibroblastic, osteoblastic or cartilaginous areas in the same tumor.

Front 15

Dog, MD, sequela

Back 15

MD: Eye, anterior lens luxation with compression of the iris.
Sequela: secondary glaucoma


Mc Gavin Figure 20-75. Anterior lens luxation, eye, saggital section, dog. The dislocated, swollen lens has moved anteriorly to lie against the posterior surface of the cornea and has compressed the iris, creating pupillary blockage and secondary glaucoma. There is coagulation and opacification of the aqueous humor and the vitreous because of increased protein from inflammation.

Front 16

Bovine, MD and etiologies (2)

Back 16

MD: Eye: Cornea, sclera and conjunctiva: Squamous cell carcinoma with peripheral corneal edema.
Etiologies: 1. chronic cellular injury from solar radiation.
2. bovine papillomavirus
3. bovine herpesvirus 5


Mc G. Fig. 20-85A. Squamous cell carcinoma, eye and eyelids, Hereford cow. A, Medial limbus. The carcinoma has spread over the cornea as an exophytic growth from its original site on the medial limbus. Note the corneal edema (gray area) adjacent to the margin of the carcinoma. Pigmentation of the eyelids, as shown here, does not protect the conjunctiva or the limbus from developing an actinic (exposure to sunlight) squamous cell carcinoma.

(betrouwbaarheid van etio's??)

Front 17

MD?

Back 17

MD: Eye, lower eyelid, mucocutaneous junction: focally extensive laminated keratosis.
Called: Cutaneous horn

MD 2: Skin lower eyelid and medial canthus: diffuse erythema, mild, acute.

Front 18

Dog, MD, ND

Back 18

Orbits and eyes: Bilateral axial exophthalmia
ND: Extraocular polymyositis
Golden retrievers and females are overrepresented

Front 19

Dog, MD

Back 19

Optic nerve: optic nerve meningioma (sometimes called orbital meningioma, so far only described in dogs)
Mass forming a cone surrounding the optic nerve is typical for canine orbital meningioma
Most common tumor involving the optic nerve

Front 20

Cat, ND

Back 20

Feline lymphoplasmacytic uveitis
Lymphoid nodules develop in the uvea

Front 21

Canine, name condition

Back 21

Eye: Ciliary body cysts

Front 22

Dog, MD

Back 22

Eye, Corneal squamous cell carcinoma
Associated with dry eyes and corneal pigmentation and vascularization

Front 23

Dog, Name condition, pathogenesis

Back 23

NC: “Blue eye”

Vaccination (attenuated virus) / infection with Canine adenovirus type II -> immune mediated inflammation of the corneal endothelium -> absorption of anterior chamber fluid by the cornea.

Front 24

Cat, MD

Back 24

Eye: Severe, diffuse, chronic, collagenolytic keratitis (keratomalacia)
Possible causes: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycoplasma felis.

Front 25

Dog, MD

Back 25

Eye, Moderate, multifocal, corneal dystrophy

Front 26

Tissue of a red fox MD, Etiology

Back 26

Eye (Conjunctiva, cornea): Marked chronic conjunctivitis with lymphoid hyperplasia, hyperemia and corneal edema

Etiology: Thelazia callipaeda

Front 27

Tissue of a guinea pig: MD

Back 27

Eye: Osseous metaplasia of the ciliary body (heterotopic bone formation) a.k.a osseous choristoma of the ciliary body

This finding is not uncommon in older guinea pigs, multiple other sites can be a site of ossification. Mineralization and osseous metaplasia in these animals has been linked due to electrolyte disturbances associated with renal disease.