Gross - Equine And Ruminant Kidneys And Nerves And Vessels Of The Abdominal Viscera - Mt2 - Check

Front 1

Where are the right and left kidneys of the horse located?

What GI structures are they in contact with?

Back 1

Right kidney
Located ventral to the last two or three ribs and first lumbar transverse process
In contact with the base of the cecum

Left kidney
Located ventral to the last rib and first two or three lumbar processes
In contact with the small colon

Front 2

What pyramidal structure are the horse kidneys?

Back 2

Pseudounipyramidal

Front 3

What shape are horse kidneys?

Back 3

Left is kidney bean shaped, right is like a heart

Front 4

Do horses have a renal crest? If so, what are the parts of it?

Back 4

Renal crest
Inner central part of the medulla
Projects into the renal pelvis
Area cribrosa

Renal sinus - the whole fat-filled area

Front 5

What is the renal pelvis? What is the terminal recesses of the equine kidneys?

Back 5

Renal pelvis
Dilated portion of the ureter within the kidney
Terminal recesses
Extensions of the renal pelvis
Tubules from each end of the kidney open into the terminal recesses

Front 6

Why is horse urine cloudy?

Back 6

Mucous glands are located in the wall of the renal pelvis and initial segment of the ureter
Mucous causes urine to look cloudy

Front 7

What is 12 in this picture?

Back 7

Adrenals, not the renal lymph nodes

Front 8

Where are bovine kidneys located?

Where are they located when the rumen is full?

Back 8

Right kidney
Located ventral to the last rib and first two or three lumbar transverse processes
is retroperitoneal

Left kidney
Located ventral to the third, fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae
is pendulous
When the rumen is full, the left kidney is situated to the right of the median plane, just caudal and ventral to the right kidney
When the rumen is not full, the left kidney may lie partly to the left of the median plane

Front 9

What are 4, 5, and 6?

Back 9

Each lobe has a cortex (6) and medullary pyramid (5)
The papilla of each pyramid drains into a calyx (minor calyx) (4)

Front 10

Where do minor calyces of bovine kidneys drain?

Back 10

Minor calyces drain into one of two principal branches of the ureter (major calyces) which carry urine to the ureter

Front 11

What is the pyramidal structure of bovine kidneys?

Do they have a renal pelvis? If so, what are the parts?

Back 11

Multipyramidal – approximately 12 – 20 lobes

No renal pelvis

Front 12

What is the blood supply to the digestive tract?

Back 12

Celiac artery (when you think celiac, think stomach)
Supplies stomach, pancreas, spleen, liver, duodenum, esophagus, omentum

Cranial mesenteric artery (when you think cranial, think intestine)
Supplies small and large intestines
Caudal mesenteric artery
Supplies large intestine

Front 13

What two blood supplies to the digestive tract are very closely associated in the bovine?

Back 13

Celiac and cranial mesenteric artery, they can share a source sometimes.

Front 14

What are the branches off of the celiac artery in the horse?

Back 14

Splenic a.
-Pancreatic brs.
-Splenic brs.
-Short gastric aa.
-Left gastroepiploic a.

Left gastric a.
-Esophageal brs.

Hepatic a.
-Pancreatic brs.
-Hepatic brs.
-Right gastric a.
-Gastroduodenal a.
--Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a.
--Right gastroepiploic a

Front 15

What should epiploic make you think? Gastric?

Back 15

Epiploic – greater curvature
Gastric – lesser curvature

Front 16

What are the branches off of the celiac artery in the ruminant?

Back 16

Splenic a.
-**Right ruminal a.
--Right and left dorsal and ventral coronary aa.

Hepatic a.
-Pancreatic brs.
-Hepatic brs.
-Cystic a.
-Right gastric a.
-Gastroduodenal a.
--Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a.
--Right gastroepiploic a.

Left gastric a.
-Left gastroepiploic a.

Front 17

Name a - i

Back 17

Hepatic a. (a)
-Pancreatic brs. (b)
-Hepatic brs. (c, e)
-Cystic a. (d)
-Right gastric a. (g)
-Gastroduodenal a. (f)
--Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a. (i)
--Right gastroepiploic a. (h)

Front 18

What are the blood supplies to the ruminant stomach?

Back 18

Right ruminal a.
(anastomoses with)
Left ruminal a.

Reticular a. - variable in origin, but goes to the reticulum

Left gastric a.

Right gastric

Left gastroepiploic a.

Right gastroepiploic a.

Front 19

Name these structures

Back 19

Right ruminal a. (14)

Left ruminal a. (12)

Reticular a. (13)

Left gastric a. (4)

Right gastric a. (7)

Left gastroepiploic a. (5)

Right gastroepiploic a. (10)

Front 20

What other species are small ruminant kidneys similar to? How are they similar?

Which of their kidneys are perotineal/retroperitoneal?

Back 20

Canine kidneys. They are unipyramidal

Both kidneys are retroperitoneal

Front 21

What is the blood supply to the different parts of the colon?

(this is must know)

Back 21

Initial half of ascending colon
Colic br. (from ileocolic a. from cranial mesenteric a.)

Terminal half of ascending colon
Right colic a. (from cranial mesenteric a.)

Transverse colon
Middle colic a. (from cranial mesenteric a.)

Descending colon
Left colic a. (from caudal mesenteric a.)

Front 22

What is the blood supply to the initial half of the ascending colon? Where does it come from?

Back 22

Colic br. (from ileocolic a. from cranial mesenteric a.)

Front 23

What is the blood supply to the terminal half of the ascending colon? Where does it come from?

Back 23

Right colic a. (from cranial mesenteric a.)

Front 24

What is the blood supply to the transverse colon? Where does it come from?

Back 24

Middle colic a. (from cranial mesenteric a.)

Front 25

What is the blood supply to the descending colon? Where does it come from?

Back 25

Left colic a. (from caudal mesenteric a.)

Front 26

Name 46-55

Back 26

Caudal pancreatico-duodenal a. (46)
Jejunal aa. (47)
Last jejunal a. is ileal a. (48)
Common trunk
Right colic a. (54)
Middle colic a. (55)
Ileocolic a. (49)
Mesenteric ileal br. (53)
Medial and lateral cecal aa. (51, 52)
Colic br. (50)

Front 27

Where does middle colic a. (from cranial mesenteric a.) go to?

Back 27

Transverse colon

Front 28

Where does colic br (from ileocolic a. from cranial mesenteric a.) go to?

Back 28

Initial half of ascending colon

Front 29

Where does right colic a. (from cranial mesenteric a.) go to?

Back 29

Terminal half of ascending colon

Front 30

Where does left colic a. (from caudal mesenteric a.) go to?

Back 30

Descending colon

Front 31

Who has the antimesenteric ileal artery, the horse or bovine?

Back 31

Bovine, the horse does not.

Front 32

Name 56, 57, 58.

What are these branches off of?

Back 32

Caudal mesenteric artery in the Horse

Caudal mesenteric a. (56)
Left colic a. (57)
Cranial rectal a. (58)

Front 33

What organs drain into the hepatic portal vein?

Back 33

Spleen, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, majority of large intestine

Front 34

Name these structures and the ganglia - are the ganglia sympathetic or autonomic?

Back 34

Abdominal autonomic nerves in the Horse

Aorta (1)
Celica a. (2)
Cranial mesenteric a. (6)
Cranial mesenteric and celiac ganglia (18)
Caudal mesenteric a. (9)
Caudal mesenteric ganglion (20)

Front 35

What are the clinical repercussions of damage to the vagal innervation of the ruminant stomach?

Back 35

Vagus controls:
Ruminoreticular contraction cycle
Omasal cycle
Eructation
Regurgitation of the cud in rumination
Reflex closure of the reticular groove
Some abomasal motility and secretion

Front 36

What are the two lymphocenters of the large animal abdominal lymph nodes?

Back 36

Celiac and cranial mesenteric lymphocenters

Front 37

What does the celiac lymphocenter drain lnn from? To? (in the horse)

Back 37

Hepatic, splenic, gastric, pancreaticoduodenal, and omental lnn.
Efferents drain to the celiac lnn.
Efferents from the celiac lnn. form the celiac trunk which drains into the cisterna chyli

Front 38

What does the cranial mesenteric lymphocenter drain lnn from? To?

Back 38

Jejunal, cecal, and colic lnn.
Horse:
Efferents drain to the cranial mesenteric lnn.
Efferents from cranial mesenteric lnn. form intestinal trunks which drain to the cisterna chyli

Ruminant:
Efferents drain to gastric or intestinal lymph trunks which drain into the cisterna chyli

Front 39

Where do afferents and efferents of the caudal mesenteric lnn of the large animal drain?

Back 39

Afferents from small colon, rectum, peritoneum, omentum and anorectal lnn.
Efferents drain to lumbar trunks or medial iliac lnn.

Front 40

What does the celiac lymphocenter drain lnn from? To? (in the ruminant)

Back 40

Celiac, atrial, ruminal, reticular, omasal, dorsal abomasal, ventral abomasal, hepatic, and pancreaticoduodenal lnn.

Efferents drain to gastric, celiac or visceral lymph trunks which drain into the cisterna chyli

Front 41

How do you define the cecum in the ruminant and equine?

Back 41

The ileocecal fold