Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Where are epaxial muscles located? What is their general function?
|
Lie dorsal to the transverse processes of the vertebrae.
Extensors of vertebral column. |
|
|
What are the three epaxial muscle systems?
|
Iliocostalis
Longissimus Transversospinalis |
|
|
What is the innervation and action of epaxial muscles?
|
N: Dorsal brs. of spinal nn.
A: Extensors; lateral movements when contracted unilaterally |
|
|
What muscles are in the iliocostalis system?
|
Iliocostalis lumborum m.
Iliocostalis thoracis m. |
|
|
What is the innervation and action of the iliocostalis system?
|
N: Dorsal branches of thoracic and lumbar spinal nn.
A: Fixation of the vertebral column; lateral movement when acting on one side (Lumborum is expiration as well) |
|
|
Origin and Insertion...
Iliocostalis lumborum m. |
O: Wing of ilium medially w/longissimus lumborum m.
I: Transverse processes of L7-L1 up to ribs 10-13 (9?) |
|
|
Origin and insertion...
Iliocostalis thoracis m. |
O: Cranial borders of vertebral ends of ribs 12-2
I: Proximal region of ribs en route to insertion of transverse process of C7 |
|
|
What are the muscles in the Longissimus system?
|
Longissimus thoracis et lumborum m.
Longissimus cervicis m. Longissimus capitis m. (Longissimus atlantis m.??) |
|
|
What innervates the Longissimus system?
|
Dorsal brs. of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nn.
|
|
|
Origin, Insertion, action....
Longissimus thoracis et lumborum m. |
O: Iliac crest
I: Lumbar vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae and ribs A: Extension and fixation of vertebral column Strongest trunk muscle in lumbar and thoracic regions |
|
|
Origin, insertion, and action...
Longissimus cervicis m. |
O: Cranial thoracic vertebrae
I: transverse processes of last few cervical vertebrae A: Extend neck; unilaterally raises neck obliquely and turns it to one side |
|
|
Origin, insertion, and action...
Longissimus capitis m. |
O: Transverse processes of T3-T1 and caudal articular processes of C7 to C3 or C4
I: Mastoid part of temporal bone A: Extension of atlanto-occipital joint, head and neck |
|
|
Origin, insertion, and action....
Longissimus atlantis m. |
Present in 20% of dogs
Courses with cervicis and capitus |
|
|
What are the MAJOR muscles of the transversospinalis system?
|
Splenius m.
Semispinalis capitis m. (Biventer and complexus) Rectus capitis dorsalis m. Obliquus capitus caudalis/cranialis mm. Spinalis et semispinalis thoracis et cervicis m. Multifidus. a couple other ones... Rotatores, interspinales, and intertransversarii mm. |
|
|
What nerves innervate the transversospinalis system?
|
Dorsal brs. of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nn.
|
|
|
Origin, insertion, and action...
Splenius m. |
O: Spines of T2/T3, median raphe of neck, cranial thoracolumbar fascia
I: Nuchal crest and mastoid part of temporal bone A: Extend and raise head and neck; unilaterally draws head and neck laterally |
|
|
Origin, insertion, and action...
Semispinalis capitis m. (Biventer cervicis) |
O: Transverse T4-T2
I: Caudal surface of skull near nuchal crest A: Raise head and neck; unilaterally flexes head and neck laterally |
|
|
Origin, insertion, and action...
Semispinalis capitis m. (Complexus) |
O: Caudal articular processes of T1-C3
I: Nuchal crest of skull A: Raise head and neck; unilaterally flexes head and neck laterally |
|
|
Origin, insertion, and action...
Rectus Capitus dorsalis m. |
O: axis (major and intermediate) and atlas (minor)
I: occipital bone A: extend atlanto-occipital joint |
|
|
Origin, insertion, and action...
Obliquus capitis cranialis m. |
O: Lateral surface of wing of atlas
I: mastoid process and nuchal crest A: extend atlanto-occipital joint |
|
|
Origin, insertion, and action...
Obliquus capitis caudalis m. |
O: Spinous process and caudal articular process of axis
I: wing of atlas A: fixation of atlantoaxial joint; unilaterally rotates wing of atlas on axis |
|
|
Where does the nuchal ligament course from? Is it found in the dog, cat, or both?
|
C2 to T1
Dog only. |
|
|
Origin, insertion, and action...
Spinalis et semispinalis thoracis et cervicis m. |
Courses from spinous processes of T11 to C2 vertebrae
A: Fix thoracic vertebral column and raise neck |
|
|
Where is the multifidus m. found? What is its action?
|
Dorsal part of vertebral arch.
Fixation of vertebral column. |
|
|
Where are the intertransversarii mm. found? Interspinales mm.?
|
Between transverse processes.
Between spinous processes. |
|
|
Where are the rotatores mm. found? What is their action?
|
From transverse to spinous processes.
Rotate vertebrae around long axis. |
|
|
What are the three dorsal epaxial tail muscles?
|
Dorsomedial sacrocaudalis m.
Dorsolateral sacrocaudalis m. Dorsal Caudal intertransversarius m. |
