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152 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Defined as various determinations that provide information about the basic body conditions of the patient?
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Vital Signs
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Four main vital signs are?
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Temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure
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Pain scale is 1 to 10, 1 being______ and ten being______?
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Minimal pain, severe pain
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A measurement of the balance between heat lost and heat produced by the body?
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Temperature
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Four areas of temperature measurement of the body?
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Oral, rectal, axillary, aural
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The pressure of the blood felt against the wall of an artery as the ehart contracts and relaxes or beats?
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Pulse
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Refers to the number of beats per minute?
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Rate
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Refers to the regularity of the pulse?
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Rhythm
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Refers to the strength of a pulse?
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Volume
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Most common artery to take pulse?
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Radial artery
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Reflect the breathing rate of the patient?
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Respirations
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The force exerted by the blood against the arterial wall?
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Blood Pressure
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What are the two reading or Lubb-Dupp?
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Systolic and diastolic
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The pulse taken with a stethoscope at the apex of the heart?
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Apical Pulse (apex-base)
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Average temperature taken orally is?
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98.6F (37C)
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Normal RANGE of temperature taken orally?
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97.6-99.6F (36.5-37.5C)
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Average temperature taken rectally?
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99.6F (37.6C)
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Normal RANGE of temperature taken rectally?
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98.6-100.6F (37-38.1C)
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Average temperature taken Axillary or groin?
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97.6F (36.4C)
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Normale RANGE of temperature taken axillary or groin?
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96.6-98.6F (36-37C)
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Oral temperatures taken by mouth thermometer must be left in place for how many minutes?
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3-5 minutes
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Rectal temperature thermometer must be left in place for how many minutes?
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3-5 min
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Axillary and groin temperature themometer must be left in place for how many minutes?
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10 min
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Aural thermometer is special an reads core temperature and must be ______to accomodate for other readings?
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Offset
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Factor that increase body temperature are?
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Illness, infection, exercise, excitement, outside environment temp
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Very low body temperature reading of BELOW 95degreeF?
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Hypothermia
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Very high reading when body temperature EXCEEDS 104 F?
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Hyperthermia
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An Elevated body temperature, usually above 101 F?
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Fever
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Pyrexia is another term for what?
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Fever (Pyr=fire, ia=pertaining to)
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Brain damage will occur if the body temperature reaches ?
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ABOVE 106F
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Death will occur if body temperature falls below?
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BELOW 93F
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Consists of a slender glass tube containing mercury or alcohol with red dye, which expands when exposed to heat?
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Clinical thermometers
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Type of thermometer that has a shorter, rounder bulb, and is usually marked with a blue tip?
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Oral thermometer
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Type of thermometer that has a short stubby rounded bulb and marked with a RED tip?
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Rectal
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Never pore mercury down a drain or sweep it up because?
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Mercury is highly toxic must be put in airtight container label as mercury
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Tympanic thermometer take what type of temperature?
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Ear usually 1 to 2 seconds
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When documenting the patients temperature on their records what letters correspond with type of temp taken?
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R=Rectal
Ax=Axillary T=Aurally When there is not a specific letter, it is assumed that temp was taken orally |
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Glass thermometers are soaked in disinfecting solution for how many minutes?
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30 min
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Always identify yourself and your______?
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Patient
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When taking temperature anally it is important to never?
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NEVER EVER Let go of the thermometer
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Never force the thermometer when taking temperature this way?
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Rectally, hemmoroids, colonoscopy, diarrhea
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Major sites of the body to take a pulse are?
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Temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, politeal, dorsalis pedis
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The site of the pulse at the side of the forehead?
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Temporal
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The site of the pulse at the neck
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Carotid
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The site of the pulse at the inner aspect of forearm at the crease of the elbow?
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Brachial
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The site of the pulse at the inner aspect of the wrist, above the thumb?
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Radial
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The site of the pulse at the inner aspect of the upper thigh?
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Femoral
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The site of the pulse behind the knee?
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Popliteal
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The site of the pulse at the top of the foot arch?
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Dorsalis pedis
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The most common site of pulse reading?
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Radial artery (wrist)
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General range of 60 to 90 BPM?
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Adults
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General range of 60-70 BPM?
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Adult men
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General range of 65-80 BPM?
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Adult women
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General range of 70-90 BPM?
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Children aged over 7years
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General range of 80-110 BPM?
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Children from 1-7
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General range of 100-160 BPM?
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Infants
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Pulse rate UNDER 60 BPM is termed?
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Bradycardia
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Pulse rate OVER 100 BPM (except in children)is termed?
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Tachycardia
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Rhythm can be described in two terms?
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Regular and Irregular
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An Irregular or abnormal rhythm usually caused by a defect in the electrical conduction pattern of the heart?
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Arrythmia
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Volume or strength of the pulse is described using words such as?
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strong, weak, thready, bounding
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Factors that increase pulse rate?
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exercise, stimulant drugs, excitement, fever, shock, nervous tension,
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Factors that decrease pulse rate?
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sleep, depressant drugs, heart disease, coma, physical training etc
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The process of taking in O2 and expelling CO2 from the lungs and respiratory tract?
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Respirations
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One respiration consists of what?
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One inspiration (breathing in) and one expiration (breathing out)
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Inspiration means what?
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Breathing in
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Expiration means what?
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Breathing out
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Normal rate for respiration in_____ is 14 to 18 or 12 to 20
Breaths per minute? |
Adults
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Normal rate for respiration in_________ is 16-25 breaths per minute?
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Children 1-7
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Normal rate for respiration in________is 30-50 breaths per minute?
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Infants
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Character of respiration refers to?
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The depth and quality
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Words used to describe the character of respirations are?
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deep, shallow, labored, difficult, stertorous, moist
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Difficult or labored breathing is termed?
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Dyspnea (dys=difficult, pnea=breath)
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Absence of respiration, usually temporary is termed?
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Apnea (a=without, pnea=breath)
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Respiratory rate ABOVE 25 respirations per minute is termed?
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Tachypnea (tachy=fast, pnea=breath)
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Slow respiratory rate usually BELOW 10 respirations per minute is termed?
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Bradypnea (brady=slow, pnea=breath)
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Sever dyspnea in which breathing is very difficult in any position other than sitting erect or standing is termed?
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Orthopnea (orth=straight, pnea=breath)
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Respirations - periods of dyspnea followed by periods of apnea; frequently noted in dying patients is termed?
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Cheyne-Stokes
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Bubbling or noisy sounds cause by fluids or mucus in the air passage is termed?
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Rales
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Difficult breathing with highpitched whistling or sighing sound during expiration; caused by the narrowing of the bronchioles is termed?
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Wheezing
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A dusky, bluish discoloration fo skin, lips, and or nail beds as a result of decreased O2 and increased CO2 in the blood stream is termed?
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Cyanosis
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In clinical thermometers each line is what of an degree?
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2/10ths
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The heart is weak and does not pump enough blood to produce a pulse termed?
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A pulse deficit
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If a pulse deficit occurs one medical person should take a radial pulse while the other takes the apical pulse, to determine the deficit you?
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Subtract the radial pulse rate from the apical pulse rate
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To document pulse in the patients records it must be charted how?
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According to the agency policy
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Blood pressure is read how?
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In millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
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The instrument to take BP is called?
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Sphygmomanometer
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Type of BP measurement that occurs when the left ventricle of the heart is contracting and pushing blood into the artieries?
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Systolic
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A normal systolic reading is?
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120 mm Hg
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Normal RANGE for systolic reading is from?
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60-90 mm Hg
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The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure?
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Pulse Pressure
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Normal range for adult pulse pressure is?
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30-50 mm Hg
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Indicated when BP is GREATER THAN 140 mm Hg? 140/90
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Hypertension, or high blood pressure
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Causes for high blood pressure? AS A TAKO
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aging,
Salt-high intake, arterisclerosis thyroid dificiency, Anxiety, kidney disease, obesity, |
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Indicated when BP is LESS THAN 100 mm Hg? 100/60
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Hypotension, or low blood pressure
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Common causes for low blood pressure? HHDDSS
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heart failure, hemorrhage, dehydration, depression, sever burns, and shock
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Various factors can influence BP reading which are? FEAR
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F=Force of the heart beat
E=Elasticity of arteries A=Artery blood volume R=Resistance of arterial system |
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Factors that may cause changing in BP readings?
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Lying sown, sitting position, standing position
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Blood pressure is always recorded on chart as a?
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Fraction EX 120/80
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If someone BP is 135/75, what is the diastolic number?
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75 (denominator)
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Which type of spygmomamometer is recommeded by OSHA and does not have mercury?
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Aneroid
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The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends that the patient sits _____min and that 2 seperate readings are taken with a minimum wait of _____min?
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Quietly for 5 minutes, average of two are taken with wait of 30 minutes between
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Immediate care that is given to the victim of an injury or illness to minimize the effect of the injury or illness until experts can take over is ?
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First Aid
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The first step of first aid is to?
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Recognize that an emergency exists
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Always evaluated your environment for signs of emergencies with all of your senses which are?
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Smell, sight, touch, hearing, taste.
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Make sure the suroundings are _____ before you attempt to give first aid?
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Safe
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The second step of first aid is to?
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Take appropriate action to help victims or victim
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First Aid
If the accident scene is not safe what should you do? |
Call for help 911
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If the scene appears safe what is the next step of first aid?
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Determine which victim shows NO sign of consciousness, tap gently and call to that person
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After determining a victim is unconscious what is your next step?
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To ask anyone who is conscious what happened
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NEVER move an injured victim unless?
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Victim is in a dangerous situation (Fire, smoke, flood, Carbon monoxide, or fatal fumes, dangerous traffic)
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First Aid
After determining if the victim is in a safe area or needed to be moved, what is the next step? |
Call Emergency services, or instruct others to do so, give as much information as possible about the condition of the person and the environment
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First Aid
Why should you give your telephone number from were you are calling emergency services from? |
Encase of disconnection the Emergency operator can call you back.
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If you are alone when do you call emergency services?
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Before providing assistance to an uncoscious:
adult Child 8 years or older infant/child with high risk for heart problems |
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First Aid
If the victim is a child and you are the only one there what should you do? |
See if you can find anyone by visually scanning the area, if not, If the child is small enough for you to carry, carry him and go call for help
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First Aid
If you are alone and the victim is conscious what is your next step? |
Assess if CPR is needed
Unconscious infant or chiod less than 8 Submersed in water or drowning Cardiac arrest by trauma Cardia arrest by drug overdose |
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If you suspect a drug overdose, what should you look for in the immediate area?
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Empty/filled pill bottles open or not.
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If the victim is a candidate for CPR and you are the only one there, what is your next step?
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Continue providing care for 1 minute and then go to the nearest phone and call EMS
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If the victim is conscious or if the victim is a child, ask permission from the victim or the victims parents to give?
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CPR
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If no parent or victim is not responding, you should always _______ permission and start CPR?
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ASSUME
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First Aid
If the person refuses to give consent to you, what should you do? |
DO NOT PROCEED
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A method of prioritizing treatment, if more that one victim is termed?
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Triage
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Always attend to ________ ______ illnesses or injuries first?
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Life-Threatening
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If the victim is conscious what information should you try to get from them so you can relay it to EMS?
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Ask their pain-level, and ask what happened
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Always ________ the victim thoroughly and note any abnormal signs or symptoms?
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Examine
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After checking the victim for signs and symptoms, what is the next step?
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Check vital signs
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First Aid
What should you note while checking vitals? |
Temperature, color, and moistness of skin. Compare pupils, look for fluids or blood draining from mouth, eyes, and ears.
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First Aid
After checking vitals and assesing the victim, what is the next step? |
Report any abnormalities to the EMS when they arrive on scene
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First Aid
Always check for any ID on the victim because? |
They may be diapetic, or have an illness or disease, (EX: diabetic bracelt, heart patient)
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During your interaction with the victim always do what?
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Reassure the victim
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First Aid
If the victim is vomiting or unconscious why should you not give them anything to eat or drink? |
Because you do not know what is causing the syptoms or injuries
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First-aid
If it is too hot or too cold outside what should you do? |
Try to get them to a warm area or get blankets, or to a cool area, it is important not to get the victim overheated!
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Do not make a diagnosis or discuss any condition the victim may be in with persons at the scene? True/False
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True
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CPR is?
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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What is the basic purpose of CPR?
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To keep oxygenated blood flowing to other parts of the body and other vital organs until the heart and lungs start working again.
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Occurs when the heart stops beating and the victim stops breathing?
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Clinical death
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Refers to the death of body cells and occurs 4 to 6 minutes after clinical death?
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Biological death
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If CPR can be started IMMEDIATELY AFTER clinical death, the victim MAY still be ??
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REVIVED
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What are the ABCD's of CPRS"
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A=Airway
B=breathing C=circulation D=defibrillation |
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What is the common way to open a victims airway?
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Head Tilt Chin Lift method
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When should you not use head tilt chin lift?
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If you suspect any injury to the neck or spinal cord
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First Aid
If you suspect a neck or upper spinal injury, what method should you use to get airway open? |
Jaw=thrust maneuver
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First Aid
When using the jaw-thrust method, where should you position your fingers? |
Grasp the angle of the victim's LOWER jaw on either side
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During head tilt chin lift, where should your hands be located on the victim?
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One hand on the victims forehead, and with the other hand put fingertips under bony part of jaw near chin
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B in CPR means that you breathe into the victims mouth or nose to supply oxygen or ventilation?
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Breathing
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First Aid
Why is it important to pinch the victims nose shut and apply a tight seal around the mouth? |
So that the air can be concentrated to the lungs
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By applying pressure to a certain area of the breastbone, the heart is compressed between the sternum and the vertebral column, what does this do?
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It will keep the heart beating to give oxygen to other organs
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How do you document apical pulse on a chart?
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80 (AP)
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What must be charted for pulse rate?
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Rate, rythm, volume
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What causes the lubb-dupp sound?
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The closing of the heart valves as the blood flows through the chambers of the heart
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When would you use an apical pulse?
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Infants and childre
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Pressure of blood in the VEIN,?
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Pulse
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