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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How is ozone formed? |
(UVC<240) + O2=2O. O +O2=O3 plus heat In this reaction the harmful short wavelength ucv is converted into heat energy. |
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How does ozone work? |
(Uv240-310) + O3= O2 + O O +O2=O3 backwards reaction exothermic as energy is released This is effective as radiotion is simply converted in to heat (kinetic) energy without depleting ozone. |
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How is ozone removed in the atmosphere? |
O3 +O=2O2 |
You need to make o2 |
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What wavelength is UVC |
200-280nm screened out my ozone making process and by ozone itself |
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How is UVC dangerous |
It has medium wavelength of 280-320 therefore some of it may pass the ozone layer causes sunburn and possible skin cancer |
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What is UVA radiation? |
Long wavelength of 320-400nm and has little energy so it is not absorbed by Ozone and has very little effect on life |
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What type of reactions occur in the depletion of ozone |
Free radical substitution NO● radicals CL● radicals Overall result in o3+o=2o2 |
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What are cfcs? |
Chlorofluorocarbons |
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Otline the initiation step in removal of ozone? |
CFCl3 +(very high energy UV radiation) =CFCl2● + CL● This is heterolytic fission. |
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Outline the proportion step in removal of ozone via cfcl3 |
CL● +O3= CLO● +O2 CLO● + O = CL● + 02 This is a continous cycle where cl radicals are being reformed and 'attacking other ozone molecules' |
The termination step shows: O3+O=2O2 |
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Propagation step of removal of ozone via NO● |
No• + o3= No2• + O2 No2• + O= No• + 02 |
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State what stereoism is? |
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What is the atom economy of addition reactions? |
100 |
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What reaction do alkenes go through to form halagoalkanes? |
Electrophilic addition reactions |
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Why do alkanes only go through nuclrophilic substitution? |
They do not have a double bond to form a new bond and so can only substitute old bonds for new bonds. |
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What uses do esters have? |
Adhesives and solvants and perfumes and food flavourings |
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What ester is responsible for the smell of oranges? |
Octyl ethanoate |
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On what side can you find a Methyl group In a ester? |
Left (yl) |
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What occurs during esterification? |
The reaction between alcohol and carboxylic acid with a acid catalyst And produce water |
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Elimination reaction? |
Where a Alcohil is dehydrated producing an alkene. Under the presence of acid catalyst. Oh and h must come from separate carbons. |
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What happens when a halagonoalkane reacts with aques or molten hydroxides? |
Nucleophilic addition reaction in which a alcohol is formed through hydrolosis. |
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Define reflux |
Continous boiling and condensing making sure that the reactants do not dry out and continously react |
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What is the name of this |
3 bromo, 2 chloropentane Alphabetical order |
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Nucleophilic substitution |
A nuclrophile which is attracted to an electron deficient region where it donates an electron forming a bond. Often involves replacement of an halogen so has low atom economy. |
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Electrophilic addition reactions |
Involves an electophile usually a hydrogen halide which will be attracted to electron dense regions (double bond) break it and add itself onto the hydrocarbon. Have 100% atom economy as they do not substitute for anything. |
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Difference between atom economy and percentage yield? |
Atom economy shows proportion of desired products relative to all products formed P yield show effecieny of product yield. |
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What does mass spectroscopy tell us |
The abundance of each isotope so the relative atomic mass can be calculated by timing by percentages, adding all the isotopes up and divide by 100. |
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How does a primary alchohol oxidising show ? |
Orange to green |
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Potassium di chromate |
K2cr2o7 |
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What does the esterification of alcohol result in |
Ketone |
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Difference between Q and ♢H |
♢is the change in enthalpy of the system Q is the energy change in surroundings and usually positive. |
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