Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
171 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Protogeometric Amphoras 1050-900 BCE -concentric circles -zig zags -horizontal lines |
|
|
Protogeometric Skyphos 1050-900 BCE -concentric circles -zig zags -horizontal lines |
|
|
Early Geometric Pyxis 900-850 BCE -meander patterns (this is a key meander) -horizontal lines after H.L. |
|
|
Middle Geometric Oenochoe 850-770 BCE -introduction of figural decor again -patterns and schematic animals -still has the meander patterns |
|
|
Geometric Period |
900-700 BCE |
|
|
Early Geometric Period |
900-850 BCE |
|
|
Middle Geometric Period |
850-770 BCE |
|
|
Late Geometric Period |
770-700 BCE |
|
|
Graves vs. Tombs |
-graves don't have architecture, just burial pits -tombs have architecture |
|
|
Dipylon Krater -Late Geometric (770-700 BCE) -more figural (now human figures) -very stylized - not like humans before -bird heads -no decor = black paint -funeral scene -male = krater (?) -2 Registers ~5ft tall; sat outside |
|
|
Upper Register from Dipylon Krater (LG) bier = platform on which the body is displayed -hands above head = mourning position -women wear skirts -male burial (we know this bc lack of skirt) -female/wife sitting in chair with child |
|
|
Lower Register of Dipylon Krater (LG) -procession scene -hands above heads = mourning -shields and weapons -bird heads |
|
|
Dipylon Amphora (Late Geometric) -female funeral -wearing skirt -no procession register -still presence of mourning figures -awning over body ~5ft tall; sat outside |
|
|
Dipylon Amphora Register (LG) -female (skirt) -awning over bier -hands up = mourning pose |
|
|
Tomb of a wealthy Athenian Woman 850 BCE (EG) -Agora @Athens -cremation -no figural design - early geometric -objects were for viewing (grave goods, gold jewelry) -wealth implied by ceramics |
|
|
Pyxis of a granary The Pentakosiomedimnoi -found in wealthy Athenian woman's grave -Athenian lawmaker, Solon, divided the Athenian people into 4 classes -"500 Bushel Men" were the highest class, aka the Pentakosiomedimnoi. Their farms produced at least 500 bushels of grain each year. -each beehive shape holds 100 bushels of grain -a clear display of status -also represents african and egyptian granaries |
|
|
Shipwreck Scene on a Late Geometric Oinochoe 725-700 BCE -is it a reference to myth or an event in daily life? -narrative and genre scenes narrative scene: neck of the oinochoe, shipwreck scene genre scene: rows of animals |
|
|
Shipwreck Scene on Neck of LG Oinochoe 725-700 BCE -narrative scene -myth or real life |
|
|
Cup of Nestor -late 8th century BCE @Ischia (bay of naples, italy) -Nestor = major character in the illiad -seeing inscriptions on pots -Early Euboean Script "Nestor’s cup I am, good to drink from.Whoever drinks this cup empty, straight away the desire of beautiful-crowned Aphrodite will seize." |
|
|
Oinochoe from a Grave in the Dipylon Cemetary 740 BCE -Athens -inscription scratched into pottery after |
|
|
Sanctuary of Hera at Perachora 825-725 BCE -geometric apsidal buildings -pitched roof -row of windows: square on porch, triangle on side -sanctuary=site of ritual activity -temple |
|
|
Model Building from Perachora 750/740 BCE -just a model -meander pattern -found at the sanctuary of Hera -gifts to the gods |
|
|
Temples of Apollo at Eritria, Euboea 8th Century BCE temple = A sanctuary = D -long apsidal building -has altar at front (Lefkandi didn't have an altar) wooden |
|
|
Temple B at Kommos, Crete 800-600 BCE -rectangular temple -shrine like element in the center -stone with sockets for free standing pillars/stelae -had a double hearth |
|
|
Votive Object from Temple B at Kommos, Crete 800-600 BCE -gifts to the gods |
|
|
Votive Object from Temple B at Kommos, Crete 800-600 BCE -gifts to the gods |
|
|
Altar at Temple B at Kommos, Crete 800-600 BCE -outside of Temple -sacrifice |
|
|
Temple of Apollo at Dreros (Crete) 750-700 BCE -best preserved geometric temple -rectilinear -built of small dressed stones -hearth -shrine area at the back (Bronze statuettes and construction with horns of sacrificial goats) -columns inside at the middle -pitched triangular roof with opening above hearth -sacrifice outside -cooked sacrifice over hearth inside |
|
|
Clay Model of the Temple of Apollo at Dreros -found at Argos |
|
|
Bronze Statuettes at the Temple of Apollo at Dreros 700-650 BCE -found on a base of the temple, located by the shrine -male = Apollo? |
|
|
Burial from Lefkandi Toumba (10th Century BCE) -early example of pan mediterranean contact -Phoenician Fiance Seal and Scarab -Babylonian Gorget |
|
|
Syro-Phoenician Bronze Bowl (~900 BCE) -Lefkandi Toumba -early pan mediterranean contact |
|
|
"apoikia" |
colony/colonization |
|
|
"emporia" |
trading posts |
|
|
Sources for Colonization |
1. Historical -Thucydides discussion of Sicilian Colonization 2.Archaeological -excavation of sites like Megara Hybleia (Sicily) or Naukratis (Egypt) 3. Epigraphic -inscriptions recording 4th and 5th century colonization |
|
|
The Brea Inscription ca. 445 BCE -documentation of Athens colonization of Brea (Thrace) in 5th century BCE |
|
|
Chief Colonizing Cities |
1. Megara Hybleia (from Megara) 728 BCE 2. Naxos (from Chalois) 734 BCE 3. Syracuse (from Corinth) 733 BCE 4. Cyrene (from Thera) 630 BCE |
|
|
Why colonize? |
1. Response to overpopulation 2. Avoid redistribution of land 3. Trade |
|
|
Griffen Protome Oinochoe 675-650 BCE -considered orientalizing |
|
|
The Auxerre Goddess 650-625 BCE -considered orientalizing |
|
|
Al Mina |
Trading post (syria) -founded 825-800 BCE -easterners and greeks trading raw materials and ceramics -found the Pendent Semicircle Skyphos |
|
|
The Pendent Semicircle Skyphos -Euboean production -found at Al Mina -shows presence of Greeks -movement of ceramics = movement of people |
|
|
Pithekousai |
Trading Post (italy) -founded 800-775 BCE -greek traders traded Corinthian Pottery -Nestor's cup |
|
|
Corinthian Pottery -found in Pithekousai -evidence of trade and greeks |
|
|
Nestor's Cup 750-700 BCE -found at Pithekousai -evidence of trade and greeks -inscriptions Nestor = King during the Trojan war |
|
|
Naukratis |
Trading Post -founded in 6th century BCE -Egypt -ceramics from different parts of the mediterranean -influence of mythological creatures -drinking cup from Sparta -Abu Simbel |
|
|
Abu Simbel -S Egypt -presence of Greek mercenaries -inscription -Naukratis |
|
|
Drinking Cup from Sparta -Emporia Naukratis -guy sitting down and bird flying into him -Prometheus? -influence of mythological creatures |
|
|
3 Main Emporia |
1. Al Mina 2. Pithekousai 3.Naukratis |
|
|
Indigenous Populations in Sicily |
West: Elymians Central: Sicans East: Sikels |
|
|
Rock-Cut Chamber Tombs -multiple inhumations -multiple chambers cut out of bedrock -family groups? -early greek colonization in Sicily |
|
|
NAXOS -East coast of Sicily -founder (oikist) = Thucles -founded ca. 735 BCE -the current leads here -grid plan -8th century drinking cups found were the earliest archaeological evidence |
|
|
MEGARA HYBLAEA -South East coast of Sicily -founder (oikist) = Lamis -the Sikel King gave them space to settle down -development of the polis -regular grid plan of the 7th century -founded between 758-728 BCE |
|
|
Megara Hyblaea |
|
|
Selinus -West coast of Sicily -from Megara -oikist = Pamillus -founded ca. 628-627 BCE -first archaeological evidence are 8th century drinking vessels and votive objects |
|
|
Selinus |
|
|
Morgantina -Middle Sicily -indigenous Sikel settlement ca. 1000 BCE -long houses as residences (plateaus) -no urban plan -rock cut chamber tombs -earliest evidence of greeks in 550BCE -rectilinear buildings start showing up (presumption that Greeks are present) |
|
|
Naiskos |
greek religious building |
|
|
Gorgoneion Revetment from Morgantina Naiskos |
|
|
Four Room Building at Morgantina -loads of greek style drinking vessels |
|
|
Euthymides Krater Morgantina; ca. 510 BCE -produced in Athens -red figure -ends up in sicily -scenes of Herakles drinking at a Symposium and defeating Amazons (barbarians) -violent event --> destruction -strife between greeks & sikels? greek tyrant? |
|
|
Euthymides Krater @ Morgantina |
|
|
Cultural Hybridity at Morgantina |
1. Burial Customs -rock cut chamber tombs (sicel way) -greek pottery present --greeks adopting local burial habits --sicles using greek pottery as symbols of status 2. Pottery Inscription -Kyparas EMI --"I am the vessel of Kypara" ----Kypara is a sicel name -----inscribed in the greek alphabet -Drinking Cup --"pibe" (= drink in sicel) inscribed in cup using greek alphabet |
|
|
Protocorinth Olpe 650-625 BCE Corinth -dot rosettes -registers -insized outlines (scratch outlines - cartoon like) -narrower than an oinochoe |
|
|
Protocorinth Basic Motifs |
650-625 BCE -more figural than geometric -balance between animals and humanoid(god) figures -animal hybrids -dot rosettes -mostly genre scenes: not a lot of story/narrative |
|
|
Animal Hybrids |
-Sphinx: body of a lion, chest and head of a human, wings -Siren: half woman(head), half bird(body) -Centaur: body of a horse, chest and head of a man -Gorgon: wings (literally anywhere) -Griffins: eagle head, lion body, bird wings -Chimera(protocorinthian): lion, goats head growing out of its back, snake tail -Chimera(hittitie): lion with wings, human head, snake tail, lion head growing out of chest ---most came from Egypt |
|
|
Relative Chronology |
chronology that determines the age of something relative to the age of other things e.g. the revolution of the coke bottle (seriation) |
|
|
The Assyrians |
ca. 2500-612 BCE -empire (governed by king) -encompasses much of the middle east and egypt -Palaces at Nimrud, Khorsabad, Nineveh -Neo-Assyrian Period: 935-612 BCE |
|
|
Palace of Nimrud 883-859 BCE; ancient Calah -palace of King Ashurnasirpal II -the capital -had the Lamassu |
|
|
Lamassu -Neo-Assyrian Period -guardian figure -by doors -found at Palace of Nimrud -body of a lion, head of bearded man, eagle wings |
|
|
Dato =panel at eye level -Dato Reliefs at the Palace of Nimrud |
|
|
"The Tree of Life" -recurring motif -flanked by priests/hybrids -Palace of Nimrud Sun Symbol above the tree of life -wings coming out of the side |
|
|
Griffin Demons flanking the tree of life -don't have the bodies of lion -Palace of Nimrud |
|
|
The Palace at Nineveh 700-612 BCE -King delivering the final blow to a lion --hunting scene |
|
|
Griffins on Neo-Assyrian Ivory Plaques -falcon beaks instead of eagle beaks -sun symbol above head |
|
|
Griffin on Neo-Assyrian Ivory Plaque -goat head instead of bird |
|
|
Proto-Corinthian Aryballos 700/675 BCE -griffin figure with widely open beak -Corinth -container for perfume/oils -simpler than standard corinthian, less color -black figure with secondary color |
|
|
Proto-Corinthian Aryballos 660/650 BCE -chimera -perfume bottle/oil bottle -funerary context -Corinth -stopper in the top -very small -simpler than standard corinthian; less color --black figure with secondary color |
|
|
Bronze Cauldron Attachment 625 BCE -East Greece -rabbit ears? -beak open |
|
|
Bronze Cauldron and Tripod 700 BCE -Cyprus -found in sanctuaries -votive context -found in many places |
|
|
Apotropaic |
"turning away" -intent: to ward off evil or bad intent -put in doorways, windows, etc. -Lamassu -Protocorinthian Aryballos |
|
|
Protocorinthian Aryballos 650 BCE -Macmillan painter -Corinth -scenes of warfare -Daedalic hair |
|
|
Protocorinthian Aryballos 650 BCE -Macmillan painter -Corinth -scenes of warefare |
|
|
Chigi Vase -Protocorinthian Olpe 650 BCE -early battle scene -greek vs greek battle --wearing the same armour -"trumpeter" = double pipe player -form: shield in left, spear in right -Corinthian helmet ---nose and cheek guard ---hair on top = crest |
|
|
Bellerophon slaying the Chimera -hero riding on Pegasus -story by Hesoid -Hydra bore Chimera |
|
|
Anthemion |
lotus pattern, palm pattern/palmette |
|
|
Etruscan Chimera 4th Century BCE |
|
|
Tintinnabulum -wind chime made of phalloi -phalloi were apotropaic -phallis growing out of back makes it chimeric -chimes are meant to scare away evil spirits (similar to charm bracelet) |
|
Developments in Sculpture in the 7th Century |
-long dresses for women -men are nude --would not see that in Egypt -bronze casting, solid (statuettes) -reemergence of marble as a medium -belts ---clasp is the front ----both men and women |
|
|
Mantiklos Bronze Statue 700-625 BCE -Thebes -orientializing period -votive offering -solid cast from a mold -frontal nude -washboard hair -pronounced butt |
|
|
Daedalic Style |
-washboard and bread loaf hair -triangular face -narrow waist -belt with clasp -feet together, even female ---shifting feet: male -flat head -low brow/forehead -arm positioning |
|
|
Bronze Statue from Olympia 700-675 BCE -pointed helmet -washboard hair -belt -frontal nude -votive offering-solid cast from a mold -frontal nude |
|
|
Bronze Statue from Delphi 625 BCE -votive offering -solid cast from a mold -frontal nude -washboard hair |
|
|
"Woman at the Window"
640/630 BCE -Mycenae -relief |
|
|
Lady of Auxerre 640 BCE -freestanding Daedalic sculpture -limestone statuette ~2' -crete -frontal (emphasis on the front of the statue) |
|
|
Nikandre Statue 640 BCE -Delos -marble statue ~6' -daedalic -frontal -inscribed is the name of the dedicator -more simple than the auxerre statuette ----one boob (vs 2) -----simple belt (no clasp) -----no decoration on skirt |
|
|
Boustrophedon |
"manner in which the oxen pull the plough" |
|
|
Mantiklos Bronze 700/675 BCE -bronze statuette ~8" tall -dedicated to Apollo -male, nude, has pubic hair -greek athletes done in the nude; idolized -inscription also in boustrophedon -cast in sand (2 molds) |
|
|
An Early Hekatompedon @ Temple of Hera (at Samos) -Hekatompedon = "hundred footer" -mudbrick construction with 12 wooden posts down the center to support the ridgebeam of the roof -cult statue present at the back -replaced by second temple (650BCE) --added peripteral, stone walls, columns on all 4 sides now, engaged columns |
|
|
peripteral |
porch with columns on all 4 sides |
|
|
dipteral |
having a double peristyle aka two rows of columns on each side |
|
|
peristyle |
columns on all 4 sides |
|
|
Temple of Apollo at Thermon built ca. 625 BCE -peripteral temple -has a row of columns down the middle 5x15 columns -stone foundation -wooden columns -terracotta rooftiles -Early Doric Frieze (on triglyphs) |
|
|
cella |
main chamber |
|
|
opistridomos |
back structure |
|
|
Terracotta Panels at the Temple of Apollo at Thermon -mythological scenes -similar to contemporary Greek vase paintings -found on the metopes -covertiles Left= Gorgon -tongue hanging out, large canines, snake hair, bug eyes, apotropaic device Right = Perseus -running -holding Medusa's head in a bag -winged sandals and sun hat |
|
|
Aedon and Khelidon -terracotta panel at Temple of Apollo at Thermon (625) -sisters -Khelidon was raped by Aedon's husband, he cut out her tongue, she had to weave her story into cloth -they ended up cutting up his son and feeding it to him |
|
|
Temple A at Prinias built ca 625 BCE -crete -non peripteral temple -cella with a porch -central hearth -built of stone -daedalic architectural structure -no cult statue -sculptural lintels on top of doorway -reliefs: daedalic females & lionesses |
|
|
Lintel at Temple A at Prinias |
|
|
Statue of Daedalic Female on the lintel at Temple A at Prinias -soffit = underside --where this was found -relief |
|
|
relief/statue at Temple A at Prinias -hieratic = priestly -also daedalic |
|
|
Lionesses at Temple A at Prinias -full frontality and full profile ---no tortion ----straight on face and profile of body |
|
|
Temple of Athena at Smyrna -Proto - Ionic Temple ca 600 BCE -more delicate than doric -thinner columns and wider space aeolic & mushroom capitals |
|
|
acroteria |
the things on the top of the corners |
|
|
Doric vs Ionic |
|
|
Archaic Period |
600-480 BCE -strong entasis (curvature of column is very upward tapering) -broad -cushion like capitals Paestum -columns are fluted (meet @ sharp edges) -echini/echinus (upper part of capital) |
|
|
Typical classic archaic temple plan |
|
|
Temple of Hera at Olympia -doric temple ca 590 BCE -peripteral -added rigidity to the walls when made of stone -lack of entasis on coulumns |
|
|
Temple of Artemis at Corcyra 580 BCE pseudo-dipteral; octastyle high relief in pediement of medussa, with chyrsoar and pegasus |
|
|
Temple of Apollo at Corinth ca 650 BCE -peripteral, hexastyle (6 columns across the narrow side) -monolithic columns (made of single pieces of stone) -elaborate opisthodomos -early example of curvature stylobate -columns tapered upward |
|
|
Temp C (selinus) ca 540 BCE -doric order -more elegant proportions than earlier doric temples -broad ambulatory -well preserved metopes -more space between columns and anta ---processional reason? -intercolumnation decor -faces=frontal -bodies = profile --egyptian |
|
|
incolumnation |
the distance between center axis of column |
|
|
temple C LEFT: Herakles and the Kerkopes -daedalic locks upside down -theme over all Greek temples RIGHT: Perseus and Medusa -most recognizable scenes in greek myth archaic smiles |
|
|
Old Temple of Hera @ Poseidonia ca 540 BCE -nonastyle (9 columns on the short side) -psuedo-dipteral -central columns = aisles for 2 cult statues? -adyton in back of cella |
|
|
old temple of hera (540) Antifix = top thing -pantiles serve as channels for rain water that would flow down and out through the mouth of the lions/lionesses |
|
|
Temple of Athena at Poseidonia ca 500 BCE ionic porch columns doric outer columns no frieze decoration -hexastyle x 13 -stairs to what? |
|
|
Temple of Hera at Samos 560 BCE ionic dipteral w/ triple row of columns at end - |
|
|
Temple of Artemis @ Ephesos -560 BCE -oriented to the west, not the east |
|
|
dipteral |
two rows of columns down the side |
|
|
psuedo ditpteral |
second row of columns removed |
|
|
Sikyonian Treasury (sanctuary of apollo @ delphi) 560 BCE -doric order -distyle mantis -Diskouri walking cattle see more angles |
|
|
Siphnian Treasury (at sanctuary of apollo @ delphi) 530 BCE ionic order distyle mantis gigantomachy (N Frieze) Battle of heroes (E frieze) polychrome w inscriptions caryatids / kore pediment: struggle or the tripod between apollo and herakles (apollo won) |
|
|
North Frieze at the Siphnian Treasury at the Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi 530 -gigantomachy -general movement -herkles, themis, apollo, artemis -giants wearing corinthian helmets |
|
|
East Frieze at the Siphnian Treasury at the sanctuary of apollo at delphi 530 -Battle of the Heroes -achilles fighting over the body of Memnon (whose body is foreshortened) |
|
|
Athenian Treasury @ delphi 490-480 BCE -doric order -amazonomachy, theseus, herakles |
|
|
Kouroi (NY Kourous) 600 -carved from Marble -lifesize -votive/funerary -all found in sanctuaries -commemorating a young person who died -kouros = boy -head is less triangular, more oval -no belt -longer forehead |
|
|
Kerameikos Kouros -600 BCE marble athens/kerameikos cemetary |
|
|
Kleobis & Beiton 580 BCE marble squatter than other 2 kourous more daedalic head from sanctuary of apollo at delphi twin brothers |
|
|
Anavysos Kouros 530 BCE -attica -archaic smile -marble -inscribed base -more individualism in the face -wide hips -was painted |
|
|
Aristodikos Kouros 500 BCE -naturalism -natural hips and face -attica -marble -star shaped pubic hair |
|
|
Kourai |
570-480 BCE -feet parallel -hands arent always down by their sides |
|
|
Berlin Kore 570 BCE |
|
|
Phrasiklea Kore 540 BCE -votive dedication -holding lotus flowers = was never married |
|
|
Acropolis Kore 520,500,500 athens more detailed clothing -dovetail motif -jewelry = aristocracy |
|
|
RED |
regular slip (clay and water), becomes red; hematite (ironoxide) in oxidized firing environment |
|
|
BLACK |
slip with potash powder becomes black, glassy magnetite in reduced phase -sintered glaze = slip that turns to glass |
|
|
one firing, three phases |
~800 = oxidized (clay & gloss both red) ~950 = reduced (clay = black ; gloss = glassy black) ~800 = oxidized (red returns to red; gloss remains black) |
|
|
Corinthian Black Figure Vase buff = white clay slip |
|
|
Attic Black Figure Style 600-530 black figure came first black figures on a red background -incision for detail, white and red for detail |
|
|
Dinos 590-570 (Sophilos) bowl on a stand orientalizing elaborate narrative -wedding of Peleus and Thetis -Dionysus -Hebe |
|
|
Neck Amphora: Achilles and Penthesilea 550-525 amazonian woman by Exekias |
|
|
Kylix 550-525 Dionysus on a boat -ships pole becomes vines by Exekias |
|
|
Neck Ampora: Suicide of Ajax 550-525 most famous suicide by Exekias |
|
|
Ajax and Achilles -playing dice -rivals -long pointed noses -frontal eye |
|
|
Attic Red Figure Style 530-300 red figures on a black background painted beforehand reserve = leave unpainted |
|
|
Kylix Eos and Memnon 490-480 more foreshortening |
|
|
Bilingual Vessels -neck amphora -less sloped nose -eyes are not full frontal -ajax and achilles |
|
|
neck amphora bilingual vessel -herakles and an ox |
|
|
Amphora Revelers Dionysia scene 510 BCE |
|
|
The Pioneer Group |
520-500 Euphornious, Euthymides, Phintias -foreshortneings -artistic communitiy/ salon |
|
|
Euphornious Krater 515 BCE |
|
|
Kritos Boy 480 contrapposto = shifiting weight onto one leg big chin narow mouth in set eyes prominent jaw |
|
|
The Tyrannicide Monument -honor Harmodius and Aristogeiton -they killed the Peisistratids |
|
|
severe style |
490-450 |
|
|
temple of zeus at olympia 472-456 -peripteral hexastyle doric temple |
|
|
East Pediment at temple of zeus at olympia race between pelops and oinomas for hippodamia no attempt to express movemnet |
|
|
WEst Pediment zeus battle of the lapiths and centaurs more emotion and movement centauromachy |
|
|
The Riace Bronzes 460/450 BCE indirect casting |
|
|
Diskobolos of Myron 450 severe style |
|
|
Motya Charioteer 480-450 severe |
|
|
High Classical |
(447-432 BCE) |
