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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the geographic setting and major landforms of ancient Greece?
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Mainland Greece is a peninsula, in the Mediterranean Sea, surrounded by many islands. Mountains are the major landform.
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What effect do you think the geography of Greece had on the kind of communities that developed there?
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Mountains and the sea isolated communities; therefore, each community developed its own way of life.
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Describe two important early Greek Civilizations?
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The Minoan civilization was based on a trading network. The mainland Mycenaean civilization gained power through conquest.
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Why were poems and myths important to the ancient Greeks?
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Epic poems and myths taught people about their gods and how their heroes behaved.
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What were the three kinds of governments that developed in the Greek city-states after Greece's Dark ages?
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Aristocratic - lead by members of rich and powerful families
Tyrant - lead by a single person usually takes power by force Democratic - people governing themselves through elected representatives |
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How did the rise of the middle class help government of ancient Greece become more democratic?
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Merchants and artisans wanted some say in the government of their cities. They were able to overthrow aristocratic governments and replace them with tyrants.
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In what areas did Greece flourish during the Golden Age?
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Greece flourished in the arts and philosophy.
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What were the great gods called and who was their king?
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The Twelve Olympians and Zeus was their king.
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Name 2 ways the Greeks worshiped gods.
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By building temples and holding festivals
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What were the differences between humans and Greek gods?
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The gods were perfect in form and had tremendous powers, they were also immortal.
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Why were oracles important to the ancient Greeks?
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They believed that the oracles were places where the gods spoke. At these sacred places Greeks would ask for advice or try to see into the future.
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How did the beliefs of philosophers differ from those of most Greeks?
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Philosophers thought that there were other ways besides myths to understand the world. They believed people could use reason to understand natural events.
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What was the Golden Age of Athens?
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The Golden Age was the period between 479 and 431 BC. Athenians made great advancements in the arts, philosophy, and literature. Democracy reaches its peak.
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Why do you think Pericles called Athens "the school for all Greece"?
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Pericles believed that Athens was the model of democracy for all other city-states to follow.
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How did the Greeks attempt to understand the world?
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Most Greeks believed that the gods and goddesses they worshiped ruled different areas of human life and the natural world.
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One of the teachings of Socrates was "know thyself." What do you think Socrates meant when he said this?
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Socrates meant that people should think and reason for themselves. He wanted people to explore the true meanings of qualities of life and in this way come to know himself.
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What were the goals of Greek art?
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Greek art was meant to honor the gods and present images of perfection in a balance and orderly way.
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What does Greek art, both visual and literary, tell us about the Greeks and their culture?
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The Greeks placed a great deal of emphasis on art and literature. They valued beauty and perfection.
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What did a typical house in ancient Athens look like?
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It had rooms set around an open courtyard, which was the center of the household. Houses were made of mud bricks and the design was very simple compared to the government/temple buildings.
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How did the rights of men differ from those of women?
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Men could take part in politics, vote, and own property. Women could not do any of these things. They could be religious priestesses.
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How did the Greeks obtain slaves?
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Some were captured during war or by pirates; others were the children of slaves; most of them were foreigners.
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What kind of work did the slaves perform?
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Slaves might work on farms, mine silver, assist artisans making pottery, forge metal, tend to children, or do housework.
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What activities took place at the agoras?
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Men met to talk politics, philsophy, business, religion. There were also vendors and people selling and buying goods.
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What do the agoras tell us about the culture of the ancient Greeks?
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The agoras were the center of public life. They must have had a very social and community based culture.
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Describe the home life of the Greeks?
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Greeks ate simple foods. They ate very little meat. They lived in plain simple homes. Some homes had separate quarters for men and women. The women had all of the responsibilities in the home and any slaves if they owned them.
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What were the responsibilities of men compared to those of women? Based on that information, what conclusion can you make about Greek society?
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Men had a public life outside of the home and were involved in business, politics, and philosophy. Women usually stayed home and did not have the same rights of men.
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Describe the various roles of the slaves?
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Enslaved people work on farms, in mines, assisted artisans, constructed buildings, worked in wealthy households.
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Free people seldom questioned slavery in ancient Greece. Why?
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Slaves were relied upon/required to keep households and businesses running.
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Describe what life was like for people in Sparta?
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Life in Sparta was harsh and even cruel. The government controlled the lives of all Spartans and treated helots strictly.
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Compare life in Sparta with life in Athens.
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Life in Athens was free and open. Athenians interested in the arts. Spartans were tough, silent, grim - very military.
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How did the Greeks overcome the Persian invasion of 490 BC?
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After the Athenians staged a surprise attack on the Persians to win the battle at Marathon, Greek city-states banded together to drive the Persians away.
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How did the Athenian Empire develop after its victory over Persia?
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Athens gained many allies. Other city-states paid tribute to Athens for protection against invasions. However, the Athenian Empire used the tribute for other purposes.
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What was at stake for the people of Athens at the Battle of Marathon?
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Athenians were in jeopardy of losing their way of life, culture, and democracy.
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In what ways did the Athenians contribute to their own downfall?
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When Athens acted unfairly toward the city-states it was suppose to protect, these city-states turned to Sparta for protection. The Pelponnesian war between Athens and Sparta led to the Athens' downfall.
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Who was Alexander's tutor when he was young?
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The Greek philosopher Aristotle.
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How did Alexander's upbringing (how he was raised) effect his attitudes about Greek culture?
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Aristotle taught Alexander philosophy, literature and science. He also passed along the strong feeling that Greeks were better than all other people.
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Alexander the Great wanted the cultures of the cities he conquered to survive and MIX with Greek culture. What happened instead?
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The cultures of the cities he conquered did not mix with the Greek culture. Instead, these cities were ruled by Greek kings and other Greeks had more important jobs. Only people that could speak Greek could hold important positions.
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What features of the Greek culture could be seen in the Hellenistic kingdoms?
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In Hellenistic kingdoms, cities were modeled after Greek cities and contained Greek temples, agoras, and theatres in which Greek tragedies were performed.
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What was the importance of Alexandria, Egypt?
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Alexandria, Egypt, became the learning capital of the Greek world.
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Describe the scientific importance (contributions) made by Euclid, Erathosthenes, and Aristarchus.
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Euclid - developed geometry
Eratosthenes - calculated the distance around the earth Aristarchus - determined that the sun was the center of the universe and not the Earth |
