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13 Cards in this Set

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Biological Evolution

Change in the characteristics of a population of organisms that occurs over the course of generations

Natural Selection

The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population

Microevolution

Changes that occur within a species and the characteristics of a population. Easily observed, relatively non-controversial.

Macroevolution

Changes that occur, as a result of microevolution, over long periods of time and result in the origin of new species. Controversial among non-biologists.

Anaximander

Greek philosopher who suggested that humans evolved from fish that had moved onto land

Lamarck

Published ideas about inheritance of


acquired traits in 1809

Biological Classification

Implies common ancestry

Anatomical similarities between organisms

Mammalian forelimbs have the same set of bones. The underlying structure is similar despite the very different functions

Useless traits in modern species.

Vestigial, but similar, structures in ferns and flowering plants

Shared developmental pathways.

Similarity among chordate embryos

DNA similarities

Birds in same genus have DNA that is more similar to one another, while distantly-classified birds have DNA that is less similar.

Distribution of organisms on earth

Different species of mockingbird found on Galapagos all resemble another species found on the mainland

Fossil evidence

Horse fossils provide a good sequence of evolutionary change within a lineage