Grayson Acls Pharmacology

Front 1

Nitroglycerin is a ______

Back 1

Vasodilator. relaxes vascular smooth muscles. Including dilation of the coronary arteries.

Front 2

metered dose of nitroglycerin is ___ per spray?

Back 2

0.4 mg

Front 3

Primary side effect of nitroglycerin

Back 3

hypotension

Front 4

contraindications of nitroglycerin

Back 4

viagra, inferior wall MI, ICP,

Front 5

Morphine is a ____?

Back 5

Narcotic opioid and an analgesic to reduce the perception of pain.

Front 6

Dose of morphine is _____?

Back 6

2 to 4mg SLOW

Front 7

Contraindications of morphine are:

Back 7

Respiratory depression,
CNS depression (head injury)
Increased ICP
Asthma
abdominal pain

Front 8

morphine dose?

Back 8

0.4 to 2 mg up to 10mg

Front 9

Do not use adenosine on _____?

Back 9

2nd or 3rd degree heart blocks

Front 10

Amiodrone is a _____?

Back 10

class III antiarrhythmic. but stimulates all 4 classes.

Front 11

The 6 classes of antiarrhythmics are?

Back 11

1A, 1B, 1C, II, III, IV

Front 12

class 1A antiarrhythmics major action.

Back 12

Blocks fast sodium channels.
Prolongs repolariation
decreases exciteability

Front 13

Class 1B antiarrhythmics major action.

Back 13

Blocks fast sodium channels
shortens repolarization
decreases excitability

Front 14

Class 1C antiarrhythmics major action.

Back 14

Profoundly slows conduction

Front 15

Class II antiarrhythmics major action.

Back 15

Beta-Blocker
suppresses automaticity
slows the rate of impulse conduction

Front 16

Class III antiarrhythmics major action.

Back 16

prolongs repolarization by interfering with potassium

Front 17

Class IV antiarrhythmics major action

Back 17

CCB
slows impulse conduction and contraction. By blocking the movement of calcium.

Front 18

Amiodarone does what?

Back 18

Slows conduction through the purkinje.
lengthens action potential throughout the heart.
prolongs repolarization
Blocks potassium and calcium

Front 19

Amiodarone causes vaso______?

Back 19

vasodilator

Front 20

Amiodarone increases cardiac output by _____?

Back 20

decreasing afterload

Front 21

Contraindications of amiodorone?

Back 21

Bradycardias
2nd and 3rd AV block

Front 22

Atropine's mechanism of action in the heart?

Back 22

Increases heart rate
blocks vagus nerve
Increases conduction velocity

Front 23

Atropine's mechanism of action in the respiratory system.

Back 23

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
decreases body secretions.

Front 24

Medications ending in lol are?

Back 24

Beta-blockers

Front 25

Beta-blockers mechanism of action?

Back 25

slows heart rate
reduces BP
reduces dysrhythmias by decreasing catecholamine levels.

Front 26

Contraindicatrors of beta-blockers

Back 26

Heart rate <60
BP <100
2nd or 3rd av block
poor peripheral perfusion

Front 27

Epinephrine stimulates _______?

Back 27

Alpha, Beta1 and Beta 2

Front 28

Epinephrines alpha agonists does what?

Back 28

increases vascular resistance

Front 29

Epinephrines Beta 1 agonists do this

Back 29

increases force of contractions
increases heart rate
But also increases O2 demands and workload.

Front 30

Epinephrines Beta 2 agonists do this?

Back 30

relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
dilates cerebral, pulmonary, coronary and hepatic vessels.

Front 31

Use epinephrine for Cardiac _____?

Back 31

arrest,
V-fib
pulseles V-tach
asystole
PEA
Bradycardia

Front 32

Lidocaine is an __ antiarrhythmic

Back 32

class 1b (Blocks fast sodium channels)

Front 33

Use lidocaine after _____?

Back 33

pulseles VT/VF after defibrillation and vasopressors.

Front 34

In a bradycardia with a ventricular escape _____ may be lethal.

Back 34

Lidocaine

Front 35

Dose of Lidocaine?

Back 35

1 mg up to 3x

Front 36

Magnesium sulfate does what?

Back 36

Slows the rate of SA node impulse

Front 37

Magnesium sulfate dose?

Back 37

1 to 2 g in 10 mL NS

Front 38

If you have A-fib with a rapid ventricular response, how would you mix your Magnesium sulfate?

Back 38

1 to 2 g in 100 ml D5W over 60 min

Front 39

Contraindications of Magnesium sulfate?

Back 39

Respiratory depression
Hypocalcema
Hypermagnesium

Front 40

The antidote for Magnesium sulfate is?

Back 40

Calcium

Front 41

Procainamide is classified as?

Back 41

a Ia antiarrhythmic (blocks fast sodium channels)

Front 42

Mechanism of action of Procainamide?

Back 42

Decreases conduction velocity in the atria, ventricles and purkinje.
Prolongs PR and QT intervals
Causes peripheral dilation

Front 43

Use procainamide for?

Back 43

VT in pt with no sign of heart failure.
Or pt with A-fib or A-flutter with WPW.
Can use in SVT if vagal manuvers or adenosine does not work.

Front 44

Dose of procainamide?

Back 44

20 mg/min until dysrhythmia resolves, Hypotension occurs or a wide QRS.
Can use in SVT if vagal manuvers or adenosine does not work.

Front 45

Contraindiations of procainamide?

Back 45

complete AV block (if no pacemaker)
Pt with prolonged QRS and QT intervals
Or Digitalis toxicity

Front 46

Calcium chloride is a ?

Back 46

electrolyte, calcium salt

Front 47

Mechanism of action for calcium chloride?

Back 47

increases cardiac contraction (+ inotropic) helps coagulate blood

Front 48

Indications for calcium chloride?

Back 48

HyperKalemia
HypoCalcemia
calcium channel blocker overdose
Magnesium toxicity

Front 49

Dosing for calcium chloride.

Back 49

500 to 1000 mg (5 to 10 ml) over 2 to 5 min

Front 50

Contraindications of calcium chloride?

Back 50

V-fib
kidney stones

Front 51

Dobutamine dosing?

Back 51

2 to 20 mcg/kg/min continuous infusion

Front 52

Mechanism of action of dobutamine?

Back 52

Stimulates Alpha, beta1 and beta 2.
potent inotropic effect.
Increases: contractility, stroke volume, and cardiac output.
minimal alpha effects

Front 53

Use dobutamine for?

Back 53

cardiac decompensation due to depressed contractility. ie: CHF, pulmonary congestion.

Front 54

Contraindications of dobutamine.

Back 54

Tachydysrhythmias
severe hypotension
aortic stenosis

Front 55

Dobutamine is classified as a?

Back 55

sympathomimetic

Front 56

dopamine is classified as a?

Back 56

sympathomimetic / vasopressor / cardiac stimulant

Front 57

mechanism of action in dopamine?

Back 57

effects change with increasing doses
Stimulates dopeaminergic, beta, alpha andrenergic,

Front 58

dose for low dose dopamine?

Back 58

0.5 to 2 mcg/kg/min

Front 59

dose for medium dose dopamine

Back 59

2 to 10 mg/kg/min

Front 60

Dose for high dose dopamine?

Back 60

10 to 20 mcg/kg/min

Front 61

low dose dopamine does what?

Back 61

dilation of the renal coronary and intracerebral vascular beds

Front 62

Medium dose dopamine does what?

Back 62

Acts on beta 1 resulting in improved myocardial contractility. increased SA rate and impulse conduction.

Front 63

High dose of dopamine does what?

Back 63

A1, A2 = BP and systemic vascular resistance increase.

Front 64

Contraindications of dopamine?

Back 64

hypovolemia,
Tachydysrhythmias
V-fib
MAOI's
hypersensivity to sulfates

Front 65

Vasopressin is classified as a ?

Back 65

hormone / antidiuretic

Front 66

Mechanism of action for vasopressin

Back 66

causes constriction of peripheral, cerebral, pulmonary and coronary vessels.

Front 67

Dose of vasopressin?

Back 67

40 units one time.

Front 68

Contraindications of vasopressin

Back 68

hypersensivity
coronary artery or peripheral artery disease.

Front 69

Sodium bicarb is classified as a ?

Back 69

alkalinizing agent, antacid, electrolyte.

Front 70

Mechanism of sodium bicarb?

Back 70

buffers hydrogen ions.
Raises blood PH
reverses acidosis

Front 71

Indications of sodium bicarb

Back 71

hyperkalemia
metabolic acidosis
overdoses of tricyclic antidepressants and procainamide

Front 72

Dose of sodium bicarb?

Back 72

1 mEq/kg

Front 73

contraindications of sodium bicarb?

Back 73

severe pulmonary edema
alkalosis