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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ix
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Starts a verb chain, rarely needed.
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ø
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Particle tense/aspect ending
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liusc'e, liaece, idiusce
[final e maybe removed] or liuch'e liaech'e idiuch'e |
Replacement for eius to show gender. Ch'e or ce can be added to the article in any case and is common as a pronoun.
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leø
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Change of situation particle.
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etim
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Direct object marker
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(t)saeø
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Particle, action took place later and with more difficulty than expected.
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g'ūnim
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Particle, action took place earlier and easer than expected.
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combination of adjective article and article
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The first article leaves only the L' or id' and the case and gender comes from the adjective article since they agree with each other they will be the same.
"lole bonus vir" = le vir ole bonus" but with different emphasis. |
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nuim
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Pushes word forward and shows that the word after it (nuim) is governed by the word after whatever word nuim modifies.
"nuim puerum clamantem" would mean "someone (acc.) shouting at the boy" and puerum must be governed by clamantem and it can not be modifying puerum. A full sentence would be something like "militem video nuim puerum clamantem subare.' I see a soldier, shouting at a boy, in the heat." |
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ner
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Same as nu but pushes backwards.
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difference between
1) lole niger equus 2) le equus (ole) niger |
1) is a closer unit and would form (most likely) a NP that has a special meaning like English black sheep, which does not simply mean a black sheep
2) without the ole before niger there is no emphasis at all, just a black horse. |
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lole + many adjectives
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examples: lode antiquum et potens regnum (or) lode antiquum ode potens regnum (or) lode antiquum o potens regnum
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article plus particle of tense/aspect
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Article + particle + verbal element
= more verbal "luis ta cadentibus" to they who were falling, ta show that the falling took place in the past and was ongoing vs particle + article + verbal element = less verbal emphasis "ta laes cadentibus" to the fallen, the most important element is before the verb. |
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dim or idim
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Adverb particle, mostly an intensifier.
(~m adeo fratrem tuum odio habeo = and to such a degree i hate you brother. ) |
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etni
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"And let it not be..." negative command with j'o + imperative.
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Article imbedding 1
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le lausalo laucum maculá mensá liber
"the book on the table with a spot {the table has the spot because that NP is imbedding in the table NP} NB the displaced article must resolve first, so lausalo must resolve before le. |
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Article imbedding 2
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le lausalo mensá laucum maculá liber
"the book on the table with a spot {the book has both a spot and is on the table} |