Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
AEROBIC gram positive bacilli genera (5)
|
corynebacterium
lactobacillus listeria monocytogenes erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacillus |
|
Name 3 general characteristics of all Corynebacterium species:
(shape, behavior, test) |
-Club-shaped GPB
-Capable of snapping/pallisading -Catalase positive |
|
What special staining morphology is unique to corynebacterium diptheriae?
|
-When stained w/ methylene blue, shows metachromatic food granules that LOOK like spores
|
|
What type of hemolysis does C. diptheriae exhibit?
|
Beta; therefore it could be confused with beta streps.
|
|
Name 2 types of growth media for culturing C. diptheriae:
|
-Loeffler serum agar
-Tellurite agar |
|
Why is Loeffler serum agar used?
|
It allows for a good staining reaction of C. diptheriae
|
|
What is the purpose of tellurite agar?
|
Isolation & differentiation of C. diphtheriae.
Differentiation: C. dipht will turn black, other colonies will remain clear/white. |
|
what causes diptheria?
|
exotoxin produced by the organism;
coded by lysogenic phage |
|
List 3 symptoms of diptheria:
|
-pharyngeal membrane
-edema -fever |
|
how many types of corynebacterium, what are they:
|
4:
-corynebacterium diptheriae -diptheroids (12) -Corynebacterium jeikeium -corynebacterium urealyticum |
|
when does diptheria develop from a corynebacterium diptheroid strain?
|
when a lysogenic phage (encoding the toxin that causes the disease) infects the bacterium.
|
|
symptoms of diptheria
|
swellign of neck, lymphadenopathy, Bull's Neck
|
|
3 strains of colonial morphology of corynebacterium on tellurite agar:
|
-gravis (very grave; severe)
-mitis (little mite; not severe) -intermedius duh |
|
what is the Elek test for?
|
confirming the virulence of corynebacerium diptheriae (make sure it actually is producing the toxin)
|
|
3 steps in the diagnostic strategy for corynebacterium diptheriae
|
1. doctor clues us in
2. colonial morphology on tellurite tells how virulent the strain is. 3. virulence testing (elek) confirms the virulence |
|
What are the diptheroids?
Where are they normal flora? |
A general group of about 12 corynebacterium species;
-Normal flora on skin/mucous memb/vagina; |
|
What diphtheroid is most commonly an infection causer?
Where is it normal flora? |
-Corynebacterium jeikeium
-Human skin |
|
What is the DPT vaccine for?
|
Diphtheria and Pertussis - but should only be given to folks under 5 yrs old.
|
|
What bacteria causes encrusted cystitis?
Explain the infection. |
C. urealyticum. It produces urease; surrounds itself w/ NH3 to combat antibiotic, results in a chronic UTI.
|
|
what is commonly inserted into the vagina to maintain its physiology because it's such a wonderful part of the normal flora?
|
lactobacillus. also common in mouth.
|
|
lactobacillus morphology
|
long, thin GPB
|
|
lactobacillus is it a pathogen?
|
rarely; in yogurt and probiotics. in the normal flora.
|
|
two things that differentiate corynebacterium from lactobacillus:
|
Coryne Lacto
Catalase positive Catalase negative snapping no snapping club-shaped long and thin small/dry/white tiny/clear/alpha beta alpha |
|
listeria monocytogenes gram stain
|
gram positive COCCObacilli; very small so look for one
|
|
3 basic characterist of listeria:
|
1. gram stain = coccobacilli
2. weak positive catalase 3. weak B-hemolysis confuses w/ strep cuz its small/off-white/translucent too |
|
pathogenicity of listeria; where, to whom, what diseases?
|
where; in dairy products, cold, processed meats like hot dogs.
whom: in neonates or immunocomp adults; diseases: meningitis, septicemia |
|
which organism is commonly confused with weakly B-hemolytic Streps?
|
listeria monocytogenes
|
|
what is commonly confused with listeria?
|
weakly B-hemolytic streps
|
|
How specifically is Listeria similar to Strep?
|
-Bile esculin positive makes you think it's enterococcus or strep D nonentero.
-Hippurate hydrolysis positive makes you think it's Strep group B |
|
what are 2 ways to detect motility of listeria?
|
at room temp (cooler)
-hanging drop shows tumbling!! -semi-solid stab shows umbrella!! |
|
What weird combo is used to treat listeria?
|
amoxacillin + aminoglycoside
|
|
positive biochem tests of listeria;
|
bile esculin
catalase hippurate hydrolysis beta hemolysis motility all are positive! |
|
Name two basic characteristics of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae:
|
-Long, gram pos bacilli
-Catalase negative |
|
What type of disease does e. rhusiopathiae cause:
|
Erysipeloid - a zoonotic cellulitis in vets and butchers, that may turn to bacteremia.
|
|
ERYSIPELOTHRIX RHUSIOPATHIAE IS THE ONLY GRAM POSITIVE BACILLUS TO PRODUCE:
|
H2S - Hydrogen sulfide positive
|
|
basic description of bacillus gram stain
|
large gram positive bacilli with spores
|
|
bacillus is catalase
|
positive
|
|
listeria is catalase
|
weakly positive
|
|
erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is catalase
|
negative!
|
|
corynebacterium is catalase
|
positive
|
|
lactobacillus is catalase
|
negative
|
|
all bacillus are ___ and ___ except Anthracis:
|
beta hemolytic
motile |
|
what is the pathogen of the bacilli?
|
bacillus anthracis
|
|
what bacteria makes chains of gpb with round to oval cntral spores? looks like bamboo?
|
bacillus anthracis
|
|
What does tenacious mean?
|
Colonies like to stick togehter
|
|
what chemically makes anthracis tenacious?
|
it has a protein capsule instead of glycocalyx/sugar. Thus it sticks
|
|
hemolysis of bacillus anthracis?
|
not beta like its family; its gamma!
|
|
which bacteria has a rhizoid margin
|
bacillus anthracis
|
|
what happens when you touch the top of an anthracis colony with a needle?
|
sticks to the needle like an egg-white peak cuz of the protein capsule in place of sugar
|
|
What are three pathogenic forms of anthracis?
|
-cutaneous
-pulmonary -enteritis |
|
What is the main cutaneous anthrax characteristic, and another name for this form?
|
Black escher - spores under the skin cause pustules which turn black.
|
|
How is cutaneous anthrax often transmitted?
|
Through handling goat hides
|
|
How is pulmonary anthrax transmitted?
What is another name for it? |
Via inhalion of spores released during wool shearing.
Aka, Woolsorter's disease. |
|
least common and most likely to be fatal anthrax form:
|
enteritis. From infected meat.
|
|
what is used to treat anthrax?
|
penicillin/ ciprofloxacin
|
|
6 essentials for I.D. Anthrax:
|
1. Gamma colonies
2. Large tenacious GPB with spores 3. Catalase + 4. Non-motile 5. I.D. by public health labs 6. Level 3 safety safety cab necessary |
|
where are saprophytic bacilli often found?
|
as plate contaminants on cultures.
|
|
type of hemolysis of Saprophytic bacillus
|
Beta, like almost all other bacilli, except anthracis
|
|
bacillus cereus causes 2 TWO! really gross things:
|
-emetic food poisoning
-diarrhetic food poisoning |
|
What are the 2 main differences between emetic and diarrhetic food poisoning?
|
The incubation times and associated foods.
-Emetic: 1-6 hr incubation, assoc. w/ fried rice. -Diarrhetic: 6-24 hr incubation, assoc. w/ meats and sauces. |