Grade 9 Astronomy

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Galaxy

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is the collection of dust, gas, stars and planets that are all held to together by gravity

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universe

Back 2

is the term that refers to everything that physically exists

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astronomy

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the study of objects in the universe

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celestial objects

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things that we can see in te sky

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solar system

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is the combination of Sun, planets and other celestial objects that are held together by the Sun's gravitational force

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star

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iss a hot ball of plasma, and electrically charged gas, and shines because nuclear fusion is taking place

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nuclear fusion

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the process of nuclei of atoms fuse together and form larger atoms which release a large amount of energy during this process

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asteroid belt

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the region fo rockky debris that forms a ring all the way around the sun at a a distance of about 3 AU

is the region of the Solar System located roughly between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter. It is occupied by numerous irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets.

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supernova

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when a star explodes, the gradual build up of heavy elements in the stars centre collapses

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light year

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9.46 x 10*12

the measure of how much a bean of light can travel through space in a year

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dwarf planet

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celestial object that orbits the sun and has a spherical shape but does not dominate its orbit

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mooon

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is a satellite to the Earth

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satellite

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celestial object that travels around a planet in a closed path

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largest planet in the solar system is

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jupiter`

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astronomical unit (au)

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measures the distance from the Earth tot the Sun which is around 10 million km

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nebula

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is a large cloud of dust and gas

nebulae are often called star nurseries, because it is from their dust and gas that stars develop

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black hole

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a dark path of space that has mass but no volume. they have a extreme gravitation pull.. so extreme not even light can escape

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white dwarf

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are stars that have burned up all of the hydrogen they once used as nuclear fuel.

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main sequence star

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phase in which nuclear fusion occurs

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protostar

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hot condensed star at the centre of a nebula

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unviverse consits of

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74% dark energy and 22% dark matter, 4%atoms

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dark mattwe

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the matter in the univer that is invisble because there isnt any interaction with light or any other kind f radiation

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star cluster

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is a concentration of stars in a relatively small region of space

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constellation

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a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern identified as a mythological figure, to be able to find the stars easier. 88 constellations in our sky

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milky way galaxy

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The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy, about 100,000 light-years across

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planets

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a celestial body moving in an elliptical orbit around a star

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terrestrial planets

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are the inner planets closest to the Sun also known as the Earth like or rocky planets

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gas planet

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planets without any solid metals or rock. Also referred to as gas giants, giant giants

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Red supergiant

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is an aging giant star which has consumed its core's supply of hydrogen fuel. Helium has accumulated in the core, and hydrogen is now undergoing nuclear fusion in the outer shells. These shells then expand, and the now cooler star takes on a red color. They are the largest known stars.

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Blue star

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small but HOT

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Red Star

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BIG and COLD

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URSA MAJOR

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Ursa Major is a constellation visible throughout the year in most of the northern hemisphere. It can be seen best in the month of April.

great bear

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Sun Characteristics

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is the centre of our solar system, with 9 planets and is one of billions of stars in our galaxy.

provides light and heat to the orbiting planets. It is extremely large compared to the Earth and is 92 million miles away.

temperature inside the Sun reaches 15 million degrees, being driven by nuclear fusion reactions.

surface gives off visible light, charged particles and occasionally high energy particles.

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Sun temperature

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-extremely hot

-hot ball of gas

-high temp. in the core and with extreme pressure from the Suns result in nuclear fusion

-Two Hydrogen nuclei (protons) combine with two neutrons to form a Helium nucleus plus a release of energy.

-5000 - 15,600,000 degrees celcius

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Sun Radiation

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The energy released from the fusion reactions near the Sun's core is in the form of very high frequency electromagnetic waves called gamma rays.

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SUNS SURFACE !!!!!!!

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corona lies above the chromosphere, which extends millions of kilometres into space and is visible only during a total solar eclipse

chromosphere lies above the Photosphere

surface of the sun is called PHOTOSPHERE

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sunspots

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- dark splotches on the Sun that are cooler than the rest of the Sun

-3800 degrees celcius

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solar flares

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solar flares on the Sun's surface shoot out streams of high energy particles

result in Aurora Borealis, where the charged particles cause the atoms in the atmosphere to give off a glow

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revolution

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A revolution is the amount of time an object takes to orbit a larger object. Example: Earth's revolution is 365 1/4 days

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orbit

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is a regular, repeating path that one object in space takes around another one.

an object in orbit is called a satellite

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planet temperature differences

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the surface temperature decreases with increasing distance from the sun

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solar wind

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a stream of charged particles consisting mostly of electrons and protons

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solar eclipse

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an eclipse in which the sun is obscured by the moon

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lunar eclipse

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an eclipse in which the moon appears darkened as it passes into the earth's shadow.

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hubble telescope

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The Hubble Space Telescope is a large telescope in space. It was launched by NASA in 1990. Hubble is the length of a large school bus. It weighs as much as two adult elephants. Hubble travels around Earth at about 5 miles per second.

Hubble faces toward space. It takes pictures of planets, stars and galaxies. Hubble has seen the birth and death of stars. It has seen galaxies that are billions of light years away. Hubble has also seen comet pieces crash into the atmosphere above Jupiter.

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mars rover

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is an automated motor vehicle that propels itself across the surface of the planet Mars upon arrival.