Grade 12 Biology

Front 1

carbohydrate

Back 1

a biomolecule that consists of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in a fixed 1:2:1 ratio.

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monosaccharide

Back 2

the simplest for of carbohydrate, consisting of a single sugar unit; a building block for more complex carbohydrates.

Front 3

isomer

Back 3

a molecule that had the same composition as another, but a different arrangement of atoms.

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disaccharide

Back 4

a carbohydrate molecule that is made from two monosaccharide units.

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glycosidic bond

Back 5

a bond between two monosaccharides,

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complex carbohydrate

Back 6

a molecule that is composed of hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides linked together; an essential part of nutrition and a valuable energy source.

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polysaccharide molecule

Back 7

a molecule that contains many linked monosaccharides.

Front 8

polymerization

Back 8

a process in which small subunits are linked to format a large molecule.

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monomer

Back 9

a small molecule that can bind chemically to other molecules.

Front 10

polymer

Back 10

a large molecule that is formed when monomers link together chemically in a chain.

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lipid

Back 11

a non-political compound that is made mostly of carbon and hydrogen.

Front 12

fatty acid

Back 12

a molecule that consists of a carboxyl group and a hydrocarbon chain.

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triglyceride

Back 13

a fat: three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule.

Front 14

saturated fat

Back 14

a lipid that that is composed of saturated fatty acids with single bonds in their hydrocarbon chain.

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unsaturated fat

Back 15

a lipid that is composed of unsaturated fatty acids with double bonds in their hydrocarbon chain.

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phospolipid

Back 16

lipid that consists of two fatty acids and a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to another molecule.

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steroid

Back 17

a lipid that is composed of four carbon rings.

Front 18

wax

Back 18

a lipid that is formed when long fatty acid chains are joined to alcohols or carbon rings.

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protein

Back 19

a large molecule that consists of many amino acid subunits that are joined together by peptide bonds folded into a specific three-dimensional shape.

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nucleic acid

Back 20

a blueprint for proteins that are synthesized in cells; stores herditary information.

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amino acid

Back 21

a molecule that contains a carboxyl group and an amino group; serves as the monomer subunit of proteins.

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peptide bond

Back 22

a covalent bond that links amino acids.

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peptide

Back 23

a chain of amino acid subunits that are connected by peptide bonds.

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polypeptide

Back 24

a peptide with more than 50 amino acids.

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denaturation

Back 25

the loss of both the structure and function of a protein.

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nucleotide

Back 26

the building block of nucleic acids; consists of a 5 - carbon sugar, a nitrogen us base and one to three phosphate groups,

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phosphodiester bond

Back 27

a link that is formed between nucleotides by a phosphate bridge.

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antiparallel

Back 28

oriented in opposite directions

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dynamic equilibrium

Back 29

in homeostasis, the condition that remains stable within fluctuating limits; in populations, the condition in which the birthrate equals the death rate and there is no net change in population size.

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isotope

Back 30

different atoms of the same element containing the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Front 31

electrochemical gradient

Back 31

a concentration gradient created by pumping ions into a space surrounded by a membrane that is impermeable to the ions.