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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Scalar Quantity |
A measurement that has magnitude only |
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Vector Quantity |
A quantity that has magnitude and direction only. |
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Distance |
The total path length travelled |
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Displacement |
Change in position |
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How do you get a v-t graph from an x-t graph |
Calculate the slope of the x-t graph, which is the velocity of the object. |
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What does the area of a v-t graph give you? |
Displacement |
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What does the slope of a v-t graph give you? |
The acceleration. |
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What does the area of an a-t graph give you? |
Change in velocity |
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What assumptions are you making for kinematic equations? |
Acceleration is constant. |
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When dealing with vectors it is important to... |
Set which direction is positive and which is negative. Make sure to state the directions in the final answer if required. |
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For a projectile pathway, what is the vertical velocity at the maximum height? |
Zero |
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For a projectile pathway, what is the acceleration at the top? |
9.8 m/s^2 |
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What is a projectile? |
An object travelling through air(falling), without wings, or motor, or engine, etc. |
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What's instantaneous velocity vs average velocity? |
Instantaneous velocity is velocity at one point. Average velocity is velocity between two points. |
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What is Newton's First Law of Motion? |
Objects in motion tend to stay in motion and objects at rest tend to stay at rest unless acted upon by an external force. |
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What is Newton's Second Law of Motion? |
A sum of forces causes a mass to accelerate. |
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What is Newton's Third Law? |
Every action force has an equal and opposite reaction force. |
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Is it true that the normal force and weight of an object are equal because of Newton's Third Law? |
No because the normal force and force of gravity are not the same type of force. Also, normal force and weight are not always equal to each other. |
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What are the forces that exist universally? Describe each. |
Gravity, electromagnetic forces, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear forcd and "dark" energy. Gravity is a force that only attracts. Electromagnetic forces can attract or repel. Strong and weak nuclear forces are special types of electromagnetic forces and are not really discussed anymore. Dark energy is a mystery to us, and is the majority of the universe's energy. |
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What are the forces that exist locally? Describe them. |
Gravity Normal Force (perpendicular to surface, PUSH) Tension(PULLING, rope, string, thread, etc. Friction: Rubbing force between two surfaces. |
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Mass |
Amount of matter in an object. Always stays constant. |
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Weight |
The force of gravity acting on an object. It can change depending on the gravitational acceleration constant of your location. |
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What are the two things that friction is dependent on? |
The quality of the surfaces and the normal force. |
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Define the two types of friction |
Static Friction:Friction before an object starts moving. Kinetic friction is the force of friction once the object starts moving. Kinetic friction is usually less than static friction. |
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What are the features of the coefficient of friction? |
It is unitless and depends on the quality of the 2 surfaces. It is also between 0 and 1. |
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What happens when an elevator accelerates up? |
You feel heavier. |
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What happens when an elevator accelerates down? |
You feel lighter. |
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What happens when an elevator is going at a constant speed? |
Your true weight is equal to your apparant weight. |
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What does a weight scale measure? |
Normal Force |
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True or false: All objects with mass exert gravity. |
True |
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What are two ways to look at gravity? |
On the surface of a planet/moon. Also, alway from the surface of a planet/moon when g is not constant. |
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What are the 3 names for gravity? |
Gravitation acceleration constant. Gravitational field strength. Gravitational field intensity. |
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Energy |
The ability to do work |
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Work |
Energy transferred into or out of an object |
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Nuclear Energy |
Potential; Energy inside atom's nucleus. |
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Thermal Energy |
Kinetic; Energy due to particle motion |
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Light |
Kinetic; disturbance in the electromagnetic field. |
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Gravitational potential energy |
Potential; energy due to a difference in height |
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Kinetic Energy |
Energy posessed by objects in motion |
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Electricity |
Potential or Kinetic; Energy due to charges attracting or repelling. |
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Chemical Energy |
Potential; Energy due to change in compounds. |
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Sound Energy |
Kinetic; Vibration of particles that travel in waves. |
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Elastic Energy |
Potential; energy due to compression or stretching |
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Force |
A push or a pull |
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State the Law of Conservation of Energy. Is it always true? |
Energy can not be created or destroyed, but can only be transformed from one form to another. This is not true during a nuclear reaction. |
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How much work is done on an object where the force is perpendicular to the direction of motion? |
0 Joules |
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How much work is done on an object that moves without a force applied to it? |
0 Joules |
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How much work is done on an object that has force applied to it, but does not move? |
0 Joules |
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What happens to work when the force and distance are in opposite directions? |
Work is negative; energy is transferred out of an object. |
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What happens to work when the force and distance are in the same direction? |
Work is positive. |
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How do you calculate work when the force is not parallel to the distance, but an angle? |
W=Fdcos(thetha) |
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What is Power? |
The rate of doing work. Power=work/time |
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What is percent efficiency? |
The amount of useful energy in an energy transformation, expressed as a percentage. |
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What is thermal energy? |
Molecular kinetic energy |
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Heat |
Amount of thermal energy transferred into or out of an object |
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Temperature |
Related to the average kinetic energy of molecules |
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What are the three types of particle motion? |
Translation, Vibration, Rotation |
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What is Specific Heat Capacity? |
Amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature by 1°C for that substance. |
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What is the relationship between power and work? |
Power decreases when work decreases. |
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Sensible Heat |
The transfer of thermal E that leads to a change in temperature |
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Latent Heat |
The transfer of thermal energy due to changes of state. |
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What are the 3 ways to transfer thermal Energy? |
Conduction: Transfer of thermal energy through vibrations Convection: Transfer of thermal energy by translation Radiation: Transfer of thermal energy as electromagnetic waves |
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What is a nuclear reaction? |
It involves changes in the nuclei of atoms, sometimes resulting in completely new elements. |
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Fission |
When a large nucleus splits apart |
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Fusion |
When two smaller nuclei combine to make one nucleus |
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What is an isotope? |
An isotope has the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. |
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Radioactive Decay |
Process by which a radioactive atom's nucleus breaks apart and forms different atoms. |
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What is half life? |
The amount of time it takes for 1/2 of the mass to have decayed for a substance. |
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Alpha Particle |
A helium nucleus. It can be stopped by paper. |
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Beta Particle |
It is a high energy electron. It can be stopped by clothing. |
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Gamma Rays |
They are the most dangerous. They are a form of light with a very high frequency. It can be stopped by lead. |
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What is a transverse wave? |
A wave where particles move perpendicular to the direction of the wave |
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What is a longitudinal wave? |
A wave where particles move parallel to the direction of the wave |
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What is amplitude? |
The maximum displacement from equilibrium. |
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What is wavelength? |
Distance from one point on the wave to the next corresponding point. |
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Period |
Amount of time for 1 full cycle (seconds) |
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Frequency |
# of cycles/time (Hertz) |
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Frequency affects... |
Pitch |
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Amplitude affects... |
Loudness/Volume |
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What is the principle of superposition? |
When waves overlap the amplitudes add together to form one wave. |
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Standing Waves |
Wave interference pattern that looks like it is not moving |
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Resonance |
Small input oscillation causing large amplitude output. It happens when the input frequency matches the natural frequency of the oscillator. |
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What is an example of a resonating air column where both ends are open? |
Flute |
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What is an example of a resonating air column with one end closed? |
Trumpet |
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The Doppler Effect is...? |
The change in frequency of a wave for an observer movinf relative to its source. |
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Current |
Flow of positive charge. I=Q/t |
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Charge |
Q=ne |
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Electrical potential (voltage) |
Energy per charge. |
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Resistance |
How much an object opposes electrical flow (current). At a resistor, electrical energy turns to heat. The circuit is losing energy and theres a drop in voltage at a resistor. |
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Whats ohm's Law? |
Voltage drop=IR |