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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prokaryotes |
No nucleus or other membrane |
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Eukaryotes |
has a nucleus and other organelles |
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Difference between plant cells and animal cells |
plant cells have cell wall and chloroplast while animals cells don't |
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Cytoplasm |
suspends organelles in cell |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum |
transports materials throughout the cell |
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Nucleus |
stores genetic information |
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mitchondria |
converts glucose with oxygen to make energy for cell |
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Cell membrane |
support cell and allow diffusion |
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chloroplast |
absorbs light and converts it to energy |
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Golgi bodies |
collects and removes materials from cell |
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Vacuoles |
isolating and removing waste in cell and maintaining pressure |
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mitosis |
IPMAT (Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase Anaphase, Telophase |
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chromatid |
2 identical strands of DNA that make up the chromosome |
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Centromere |
structure that holds the chromatid together as chromosomes |
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Importance of cell division |
as the cell gets bigger, the ratio of the surface area and volume decreases, meaning the cell will not be able to have enough space to absorb all the nutrients to go into and support the cell's organelles and functions |
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Cancer |
caused by mutation in cells |
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carcinogens |
factors that increase the risk of cancer (ex: tobacco smoke, radiation- uv rays, viruses-hpv .. etc) |
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Benign |
tumor that is not harmful |
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malignant |
tumor that is harmful |
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ways of detecting cancer |
pap, psa, breast self exam |
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treatments for cancer |
chemo, radio, surgery |
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stem cells |
cells that are able to divide into any type of cell by turning on some of the DNA to allow some functions Umbilical cord excellent source for stem cells that can only make blood (specialized stem cells) cells>tissues>organs>organ systems |
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organ |
obtain O2, get nutrients, make waste, adapt, repair, grow, change |
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Epithelial tissue |
skin, lining of digestive system -thinly packed cells |
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Connective tissue |
bone, tendons, blood -various cells and fibres held together by a single organ |
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muscle tissue |
muscles, heart, digestive muscles -expand and contract on demand to create movement |
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nervous tissue |
brain, nervous system -long thin cells that convey electric currents to control body |
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Digestive system |
digestive tract: mouth>esophagus>small intestines>large intestines>rectum>anus -covered in epithelial tissues for smoothness |
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goblet cells |
produce mucus to protect from acids |
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mouth |
breaks down food |
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esophagus |
travels down through smooth muscles: peristalsis |
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stomach |
churns food with enzymes to digest food |
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small intestine |
smooth muscles bring nutrients into blood vessels |
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large intestine |
food left to dry |
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liver |
produces enzymes for digestion |
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gall bladder |
produces bile to kill fat |
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pancreas |
produces insulin to control blood sugars |
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circulatory system |
blood, heart, blood vessels -move nutrients, move oxygen, carry waste, temperature, wbc movement |
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RBC |
erythrocytes: 550% of blood -contains haemoglobin that transports oxygen throughout body. from marrow |
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WBC |
less than 1%, fights infections by S&D methods -destroys or asks antibodies to attack them |
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platelets |
keeps blood from clotting. ruptures to heal |
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plasma |
50% of blood, protein rich fluid to carry cells |
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heart |
responsible for pumping blood around body |
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cardiac muscle |
only in heart that moves at the same time |
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arteries |
carries blood under high pressure with thick walls |
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veins |
carries blood under low pressure thin walls. valves are used to suspend blood |
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capillaries |
cell size width, carries oxygen and diffusion at this level |
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Properties of metal |
metallic, conductive, malleable, solid |
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properties of non metals |
solid, gas, or liquid, brittle, dull, insulators |
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alkali metals |
most reactive |
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alkali earth metals |
second most reactive |
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halogens |
most reactive non metal |
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noble gases |
least reactive |
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ions |
charges particle that looses or gains electrons to have a full outer orbital |
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ionic compounds |
having 2 elements come in to make full outer orbital for all by transferring electrons. conduct electricity when dissolved in water |
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ionic bond |
attraction of 2 elements with positive and negative charges |
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polyatomic compounds |
ion made up of one or more elements |
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molecular/covalent compounds |
compounds through sharing electrons. some always come in a pair |
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single displacement |
A + BC --> AC + B |
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decomposition |
AB --> A+B |
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synthesis |
A+B --> AB |
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double displacement |
AB+CD --> AD+CB |
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law of conservation of mass |
the mass of the reactant must equal to the mass of the product |
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Acids |
have "hydro" in front (ex: hydrofluoric) |
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oxyacids |
derive from polyatomic acids containing oxygen and hydrogen. Add -ate on it |
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pH |
acids ranges from 0-7 while bases go from 7-14 |
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laws of relfection |
the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection the incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal all lie on the same plane |
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rules of refraction |
as it travels to a denser medium, it bends towards the normal
as it travels to a less dense medium, it bends away from the normal |
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mirror equation |
1 1 1 --- = ---- + ----- f do di |
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Magnification equation |
hi di M = ----- = - ----- ho do |
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the +/- sign conventions |
-f is + if the mirror is concave -f is - if the mirror is convex -di is + if the image is real -di is - if the image virutal -hi is + if the image is an upright image (and therefore virtual) -hi is - if the image is inverted (therefore real) |
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weather |
the day to day differences of temperature, precipitation, wind speed, humidity |
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climate |
measure of the usual patterns over a longer period of time and avg the results |
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Lithosphere |
land and ground |
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biosphere |
living things |
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hydrosphere |
water |
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atmosphere |
air |
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5 layers |
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere |
