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18 Cards in this Set

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Chemical nomenclature and creating chemical formulas: Ionic Compounds


Look in book for polyatomic ions and compounds to study

Yay

Word and balanced skeleton equations

Example:


2Na+Cl2= 2NaCl


Look in the chemistry book to study for the rest

Types of Chemical Reactions

1. Synthesis


Example: sodium + oxygen= sodium oxide


2. Decomposition


Example: Magnesium oxide= magnesium + oxygen


3. Single Displacement


Example: Chlorine + potassium bromide= potassium chloride + bromine


4. Double Displacement


Example: barium chloride+ potassium iodide= barium iodide + potassium chloride


5. Combustion


Example: methane + oxygen= copper + water


6. Neutralization


Example: NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O

Combustion of hydrocarbons

Type of reaction where where a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to create Carbon Dioxide, water and heat. Also they are molecules with hydrogen and carbon.

Rates of Chemical Reactions

1. Tempature


Example: increasing tempature is going to increase the rate of reaction because of increase in high energy collisions.


2. Concentration


Example: If the concentration of a dissolved reactant is increased, the reactant particles become more crowded.


3. Surface Area


Example: If the surface area if a reactant is increased, then the rate of reaction will be raised.


4. Catalysts


Example: Catalysts raise the rate if reaction without being used up,they do this by powering the energy activation needed.

The PH Scale, Indicators and explanation of the scale

A PH Indicator is a chemical that is added in small amounts to a solution to visually show the audicity or basicity of the solution by changing colours within a small range of PH values.



A PH Scale ranges from 0-14 and is used to classify aqueous solutions as acidic, basic or neutral.

Acids and Bases and Neutralization

Acids are compounds that have a spur taste, when dissolved in water, they produce Hydrogen Ions. They also have binary and oxo acids.



Bases are compounds that have a bitter taste. Many bases are ionic compounds that separate into metal ions and hydroxide ions.



Neutralization: when a compound is neither acidic or alkaline and has a PH of 7.

Periodic Table

Chemical and Physical properties of matter, including metals, non-metals, metalloids, halogens, noble gases

Physical Properties:


Metal:metals differ widely in hardness, ductility, maellebility, density and melting point.



Non-metal: most non metals sit at room tempature . They can be very brittle and are poor conductors of electricity and heatMetalloids: typically solids and have a metallic luster. Brittle electricity and has a average transmission of heat.




Metalloids: typically solids and have a metallic luster. Brittle electricity and has a average transmission of heat.



Halogens: have a low melting and boiling points and they become darker as your turn down the group of halogens.



Noble Gases: order less and colour less and are Minatomic gases with a very low Chemical reaction.



Chemical Properties:


Metals: metals are very reactive,metal tends to lose electrons easy and form positive ions.



Non-metal: tend to have a tendacy ti want to share electrons with other atoms.



Metalloids: can form readly gases and they react with the halogens so they can form compounds.


Noble gases: have a very low Chemical reactivity.



Indicators of a chemical and physical change

Physical Change:


- a change in colour


- a change in tempature


- precipitation is formed


- formation of a gas




Chemical Change:


- Bubbles or gas appears


- a oddour forms


- changes in the melting and boiling points

Catalyst

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but is not consumed by a chemical reaction.

Ionic, covalent and molecular bonds

Look in book for more info.

Specific Heat

The heat required to raise the tempature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount

Valence level

Valence levels are levels of a bohr Rutherford diagram. In the first shell, it can go up to two electrons, but the rest can go to 8 electrons.

Ions

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.


Bohr rutherford diagrams for atoms

Look in book for more infor


Bohr rutherford diagrams for ions

Look in book for more info