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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When did WW1 Start? |
1914, Europe |
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When did WW1 End? |
1918, Europe |
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What does M.A.I.N stand for? |
M - Militarism A - Alliance I - Imperialism N - Nationalism |
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What is militarism? |
Militarism is the building of a nation's army/military. In the early 1900s there was a race between nations to build up military power. |
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What is an alliance? |
Alliances are relationships between nations in order to protect/help each other. |
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Who was in the Triple Alliance? |
Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire |
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Who was in the Triple Entente? |
Britain, France, and Russia |
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What is Imperialism? |
Imperialism is when large countries take over small countries in order to gain power and resources. |
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What is Nationalism? |
Nationalism is a strong sense of pride/belief in one's nation. |
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What was the first area that Germany took control of? |
Alsace-Lorraine, in France. |
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Who was the archduke of Austria-Hungary? |
Franz Ferdinand |
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What caused the spark of WW1? |
Archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian |
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Who was the first country to back Serbia up? |
Since Serbia was in an alliance with Russia, Russia said that they would attack Austria-Hungary if they attack Serbia |
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What happened after Franz Ferdinand's assassination? |
Austria declares war against Serbia. Germany, Italy, and the Ottoman Empire defend Austria-Hungary (triple alliance). France, Russia, and Britain defend Serbia (triple entente). Therefore, Canada and the rest of the British Empire were at war, as well. |
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What was a Ross Rifle? |
A Ross Rifle was a Canadian-made weapon, and was an alternative to a Lee-Enfield British weapon. It was good for hunting and sniping, but it would jam when shooting a lot, and did not work as well as the Lee-Enfield British rifle. |
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What was the War of Attrition? |
The War of Attrition was the idea that in order to win a war, one's enemy must be worn down to the point of collapse, in either soldiers or material. WW1 had a lot of attrition warfare, especially on the western front. |
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What were the 4 major battles of WW1? |
-Battle of Ypres -Battle of the Sommes -Battle of Vimy Ridge -Battle of Passchendale |
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Where did the battle of Ypres take place? |
Belgium |
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When did the battle of Ypres begin? |
In April 1915, when Germany began to attack Belgium. Canada was called in to support Britain. |
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What was significant about the Battle of Ypres? |
It was the first time Chlorine gas was used in battle. 6,000 Canadians died in the Battle of Ypres. John Mccrae wrote the poem in Flander's Fields during this battle. |
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How did soldiers continue fighting during gas warfare? |
They had to pee on a cloth to cover their mouths and noses, to protect themselves from the gas. |
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Where did the battle of the Sommes take place? |
It took place in France |
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When did the Battle of the Sommes take place? |
July 1916 |
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Who was Douglas Haig? |
Douglas Haig was a senior officer of the British Army. |
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What was significant about the battle of the Sommes? |
Douglas Haig ordered Canadians to charge at Germans during daytime, where 85% of Newfoundland Regiment was killed in the first half hour. It was one of the bloodiest battles, and killed 24,000 Canadians |
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What happened after battle of the Sommes? |
Because of the amount of Canadian casualties, Borden demanded that Canadians have more of a say in ways war was conducted. |
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Where did the Battle of Vimy Ridge take place? |
France |
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When did the battle of Vimy Ridge take place? |
1917 April, when France and Britain decided to take back Vimy Ridge from the Germans |
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What was significant about the battle of vimy ridge? |
it was the first time Canadians fought together. After 3 days, Canadians held Vimy Ridge. |
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Who was Arthur Currie? |
Arthur Currie was the first Canadian commander. He trained Canadian troops well so they would not go into no man's land blind. He trained them in a new strategy called creeping barrage. |
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Where did the battle of Passchendale take place? |
Belgium |
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When did the battle of Passchendale take place? |
October 1917, when Canadians and British faced the Germans |
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Who ordered attack? |
General Haig ordered the attack |
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Who was in charge of Canadians? |
General Currie |
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What happened in the Battle of Passchendale? |
It was very muddy because of heavy rain, many soldiers and horses drowned in mud. Mustard gas was also used, and 16,000 Canadians died. |
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Who was Sam Hughes? |
Sam Hughes was the Canadian minister of war during WWI.
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What was Canada's most famous battle in WW1? |
The battle of Vimy Ridge |
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What was No Man's land? |
No Man's Land was the area between 2 trenches. It was full of barbed wire, land mines, and craters. |
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What was trenchfoot? |
Trench foot was a bacterial infection on the foot caused by dirty conditions in trenches. |
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What was the disease that affected soldiers because of traumatizing situations in war? |
Shell shock, also known as Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
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Why did Canadians enlist in war? |
-many expected war to be short -good pay: men were paid, fed, and clothed in the forces -wanted to be recognized as heroes |
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What was the western front? |
It was a western part of Europe where most battles happened. It was the fighting zone in France and Flanders. |
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What happened when men left for work? |
Women entered the workforce, and moved from unskilled labour to skilled labour. They began working in munitions factories to create guns, bombs, and airplanes. |
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What was propaganda? |
Propaganda was the use of messages or images to portray a message or idea. |
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What were examples of propaganda? |
Billboards, Radio, Posters |
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What were victory bonds? |
-loans to the Canadian government. The gov't needed money for the war effort and needed support. By buying a victory bond, the government would return the money after the war, plus interest. |
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What was rationing? |
Asking people to conserve the amount of food that they consume. |
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What was conscription? |
The forced military service by the government, only for men over the age of eighteen. |
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What was the conscription crisis? |
Although Borden had promised that he would not enforce conscription, he eventually enforced it after a visit to France. Many were upset, especially the French. There were anti-conscription riots, where people were killed. |
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Why were the French Canadians upset about conscription? |
-they usually had families sooner than others -were not connected with their french roots, no patriotic connection |
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What happened in 1917 that Borden had promised not to do but eventually enforced? |
He enforced income taxes upon the citizens of Canada |
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What was the war measures act? |
The war measures act stated that during times of war, the government had the ability to imprison or question those who they are "fearful" of |
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When were women allowed to vote? |
In 1916, women of the four western provinces were allowed to vote. In 1917, women in ontario were able to vote (only the wives/mothers of soldiers). |
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What opportunity did women get during WW1? |
They were able to work in skilled labour, like munitions factories. |
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What was an ace? |
An ace was a person with five or more kills in the air. |
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Who was one of Canada's aces? |
Billy Bishop |
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Was the war only fought on the Western Front? |
No. |
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What brought America into WW1? |
The sinking of America's ship the Lusitania. The USA declared war on Austria-Hungary because of this, because it was a German submarine that had sank it. |
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Why did Russia leave WW1? |
Russia had many issues of itself. Russia turned into a communist country and promised that Russia would pull troops out of WW1. After the Russian Czar was overthrown and Russia turned into a communist country and was renamed the soviet union, the troops could no longer fight. |
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When did Russia leave WW1? |
In 1917. |
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What happened at the ending of the war? |
Before America entered France to fight, Germans tried winning the war before they could arrive. 3 million troops attacked the Western Front, and Canadians, British, and French soldiers pulled back to new defensive lines to prevent Germany from gaining more territory. After the arrival of the Americans, new reinforcements were organized. Canada and Australia defeated Germany in the battle of the Amiens. |
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What happened during the battle of the amiens? |
Canada and Australia defeated the Germans. They were forced to retreat, and it was clear that Germans and their allies had lost the war. |
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What is an armistice? |
An end to fighting. |
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When was an armistice signed? |
November 11, 1918, at 11 a.m. |
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What was the treaty of versailles? |
it was a peace treaty signed at the end of wwi, ending the war for good. |
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when was the treaty of versailles signed? |
june 28, 1919. |
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what did the treaty of versailles state? |
Germany had to.. 1. accept responsibility for starting war 2. pay millions of dollars to the winners 3. lose all of their colonies 4. give up land in germany to other countries 5. only have an army of 1,000 soldiers 6. stop having an air force, tanks, or navy |
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Why was the treaty of Versailles important to Canada? |
Canada got to sign as an independent country on the treaty of versailles, free from Britain. |
