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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Power |
ability to make someone do something they normally wouldn't do using to achieve political goals=political power |
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authority |
right to use power by public |
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legitimacy |
acceptance of use of power |
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institution |
organizations that performs specific functions in society |
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government |
have ultimate authority main institution within society where decisions are made and conflicts resolved |
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political culture |
orientation of citizens towards politics |
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political socialization |
how political beliefs and values are passed on |
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3 primary types of govt |
autocracy-1 person in power (king) Oligarchy- ruled by few (council) Democracy- people hold the power Theocracy- ruled by religious leader |
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Aristotle's forms of govt |
kingly rule- best- 1 person who wanted the best aristocracy- ruled by educated class Constitutional govt- written documents giving rights |
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3 perversions |
tyranny- dictator who wants the worst oligarchy- small group with power democracy- mob rule "bad" |
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Democracy |
mob rule everyone gets a vote minority always loses US has representative democracy (const repub based on democratic principles) |
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Secure minority rights |
Pluralism- band together to be heard better Elitism- use power to effect politics Individual participation- every individual can vote |
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Collective action |
goal that can't be conquered by an individual govt needs to step in everyone in society benefits |
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3 parts of Govt structure Executive |
executive branch - President implements the law controls government operations foreign relations head of govt and armed forces |
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3 parts of Govt structure Legislative |
legislative branch congress- makes laws upper -senate lower- house of representatives work together to make laws |
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3 parts of govt structure Judicial |
judicial branch supreme court interpret law- what does it mean is it constitutional and valid |
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Single member districting |
how us elects people direct election |
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proportional representation |
Europe election vote for a party not a person |
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Right wing beliefs |
fair process market equality small govt liberty religious govt individualism conservative people make choices culture dictates law nationalsim military power selfish |
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Left wing beliefs |
fair outcomes reject markt equality large govt equality secular (religion v govt) collectivism liberal govt solve society law dictates culture involve other nations diplomacy good |
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Democrat |
pro gays, abortion, gun control medicare against death penalty |
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republican |
anti gays, pro life, pro guns favor death penalty |
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Liberty |
british rule colonists were subject of the king natural rights john locks-strong can deprive the weak |
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Constitutionalism |
limited govt limits govt power people must hold power |
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republicanism |
representative democracy people elect the rep no aristocracy (ruling elite class) |
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Continental congress 1 |
1774 carpenters hall all show except Georgia colonies must establish army and boycott British trade (war breaks out bc king sees as treason) not seeking independence, address resolution |
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dec of independence |
july 4 1776 56 signers, john hancock 1st independence hall written by thomas jef influenced by ben frank july 2 actually signed severed all ties w england |
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Articles of Confederation |
manage revolutionary war established USA 1 vote / state can only be changed if approved by all 13 states |
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What the articles of Confed can do |
make war negotiate agreements print and borrow money resolve western territory issues 9/13 agree to make new state |
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Failure of articles of confed |
small army little money no taxation did not promote trade |
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Treaty of paris |
1783 gave US full freedom from great britian |
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1st const convention |
1786 some no shows fix problems w articles couldn't bc not all 13 showed |
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Shayes rebellion |
1787 jan ex soldiers not getting their money courts seized paid army to get rid of mad soldiers |
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2nd Const convention |
1787 may all 13 present revise articles dual issue problem (virginia) make new const, not revise |
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Dual issue problem |
confederation too weak too strong was over bearing fearful of rebellions devise a got strong but not too strong to threaten society |
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Compromise/ state plans |
virginia - large state new jersey - small state |
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Virginia Plan |
10 votes
new confederation strong national govt 3 branchs, ex, ju, leg leg- 2 branches people and state (more population = more reps to vote) ex and ju choose by national leg national leg most powerful |
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New jersey plan |
3 votes amend old articles of confed more power to fed govt 1 vote/ state regardless of pop |
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great compromise |
virginia + new jersey 2 senates per state regardless of pop house of reps base on population 3/5 compromise slaves counted as 3/5 vote electoral college how president elected president allowed 1 4 year term 1789 |
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Constitution of USA |
Articles 1Legislative branch- senate/ house 2Executive 3Judicial (supreme court) 4how to add new states 5how to amend constitution 6laws of US 7how to ratify |
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key constitution principles |
representative republic- people vote federalism- shared powers btw govt and ppl |
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Checks and Balances |
powers evenly distributed Congress checks president (veto or impeach) Senate refuse who is appointed(impeach judges) President checks congress vetoing bills & checks court by nominating judges judiciary declare près actions unconstitutional and declare law uncons (judicial review) |
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seperation on powers |
specific areas of responsibilities for each branch |
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Federalist |
support new cont and strong govt liberty, order, process |
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Anti Federalists |
against cont, keep articles, against strong govt give the power to the states they create bill of rights |
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Bill of rights |
10 ratified guarantees of const to limit what govt can do made by anti federalists |
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Amend 1 |
freedom of religion, speech, press, petition |
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Amend 2 |
right to bear arms |
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Amend 3` |
soldiers can't live in homes during peace times |
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amend 4 |
unreasonable search and seizure |
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amend 5 |
can not be tried twice for same crime if found not guilty (double jeopardy) compensation for taken property |
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Amend 6 |
speedy and public trial |
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Amend 7 |
common law right of trial by jury in civil court |
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Amend 8 |
no excessive bail or cruel and unusual punishment |
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Amend 9 |
unenumerated rights more rights than stated |
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Amend 10 |
power of fed govt only granted by const share with states |
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Constitution lasted bc |
allowed modification functional changes with changing times |
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Substantive cons |
texas constitution tries to tell govt how to do its job narrow scope |
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inherent powers |
powers that belong to sovereign govt freedom to our life |
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Concurrent powers |
powers shared by both national and state govt |
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supremacy clause |
const is supreme law of land |
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reserved powers |
bill of rights powers not given to national govt |
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McCulloh v maryland |
nullification fed govt can set up banks implied power used to prove point |
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Sovereignty |
supreme or ultimate political authority state can govern itself |
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Federalism |
political system, local units and govt as well as national govt |
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dual federalism |
separate but equal govts
national and state
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Unitary system |
1 national govt holds all political power no separate smaller govts |
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Confederate system |
alliance/ poltical pact creates weak national govt i.e. European union |
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National powers |
declare war postal system copyrights |
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Shared powers |
taxes courts interstate commerce borrow $/ regulate banks general welfare punish criminals |
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States powers |
local govt schools marriage regulations regulate corporations |
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implied powers |
powers of national govt that aren't written down |
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nullification |
states can ignore law that goes against constitution |
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interstate commerce clause |
congress can regulate commerce w foreign nations |
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Jacksonian era |
states rights conflict btwn norther and southern states |
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FDR era |
increases size of govt end dual federalism cooperative federalism (do what govt says or lose funding) commerce clause |
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Grant types (3) |
operational- $ from fed to states, states will lose if they don't do what is asked, originally land grants (schools/ fed programs) Capital- $ for building projects Entitlement- $ from fed to individuals based on need |
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Limiting grants 2 |
categorical-specific purpose grants, require matching funding from state Revenue- "block" federal dollars given to state for almost anything |
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Fed controls on Aid |
Conditions of aid- fed govt will give $, but want to see things happen
Mandates (preemptions)- strict conditions on states if they receive aid |
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Devolution Revolution |
new federalism, shift in power downsizing fed govt |
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Popular rule |
ruled by majority/ mob rule minorities protected from mob rule by bill of rights |
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Popular culture |
changes every generation opposing views of civil liberties concerns ideas and morals in society |
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Immigrant culture |
WASP white anglo saxon protestant immigrant threat integrated and assimilated |
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Norman rockwells 4 freedoms |
from want and fear of religion and speech |
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types of speech not protected |
Libel- defame someones character/ lie about them Obscenity- no redeeming social value, sexual rather than political interests Symbolic speech- an act to transmit a negative message False Advertising- false message about a product |
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Prior restraint |
govt can not put place limits on future speech |
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Speech cases |
Schnek v US- clear and present danger test pentagon papers ( NY times were allowed to print) ALien and sedition acts (negative things about pres) Espionage and sedition (negative things about military) Smith Act- overthrow govt Internal security act - communists must register (later used that list against them) |
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Church and State |
limits govt actions on religious actions no law against prohibiting free exercise may limit if it affects someone else |
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3 part religion test |
secular purpose neither advances or inhibits religion doesn't foster an excessive govt entanglement w religion |
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Privacy rights |
choose, die, privacy |
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Due process/ Crime |
limits conduct of police and procedures no search or arrest without cause no coerced confession no entrapment informed of rights |
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Rights of person being tried |
know evidence against them judgement read (or can pay bail) legal counsel remain silent |
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Exclusionary Rule |
search and seizure can occur: with warrant, upon arrest, good faith exception |
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Civil rights movement |
separate but equal until ww2 universities were 1st breakthrough |
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Brown v board |
kansas linda brown, white school was closer, had to cross active railroad to attend black school supreme court ruled it ok NAACP brought it back to supreme court separate but = is unconstitutional |
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suspect classifications |
judgement on people based off of race or ethnicity as having been discriminated against as a group |
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MLK jr |
civil rights leader baptist minster invloed in non violent protests montgomery bus boycott southern christian leadership council (black activists) march on washington 1968 assasianted |
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Civil rights act 1964 |
invalidated jim crow laws (discriminating laws) started by jfk, followed through by LBJ |
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scene falls convention |
1848 women rights moment birth place |
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Equal rights amendment |
1970s equal rights based on sex.. didn't pass |
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griswold v conneticut |
women rights to privacy use of birth control |
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Roe v Wade |
women right to abortion |
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Affirmative action |
leveling playing field for previously discriminated against groups signed 1965 limited with schools and govt positions |
